> Can someone ELI5 why warmer air should lead to more rain, not just to more water vapor in the air?
Prior disclaimer: IANAC and IANAM
It can lead to either, depending on the local climate and circumstances. For an oversimplified explanation, compare the flooding in Pakistan and the drought in Europe:
- In Europe, abnormally high temperatures have increased the evaporation of top level water, because a greater proportion of water can evaporate into the atmosphere. As a result, even when it does rain, the water is more likely to evaporate again rather than soak into the soil and feed into the local drainage basin and eventually its river.
- In Pakistan, abnormally high temperatures have increased the water-holding capacity of the atmosphere. As a result, when the factors that normally trigger monsoon rains come into play, the amount of water that is released is disproportionately larger than the normal average.