I have a 14” M1 Pro. I cannot look at the screen of this machine more than a few minutes before my eyes starts to give alarms. I have no problem with my Macbook Air.

I see that no one mention a similar complaints in comments.

Can you share your Displays settings?

I have

automatically adjust brightness, checked

True Tone, checked

Presets: Apple XDR Display (P3-1600 nits)

Refresh Rate: 48 Hertz