Emirati and Qatari women have almost 50% more children than Saudi women despite cultural similarities because their government offers crazy good benefits.
Saudi Arabia has less money per citizen so families bear more of the cost and opt for smaller families.
Culture plays a huge role but so do government incentives.
This is a reflection of their culture and religion. Governance and law proceed from culture and religion, not vice versa.
Would middle eastern women want just as many kids if they had the same freedom and opportunities as women in developed countries?