You could run Nomad and use parameterized jobs with raw_exec to get something like this. I know that systemd has some lifecycle stuff where you can create/run systemd units directly through the cli instead of using unit files which should allow you to hook the lifecycle into a nomad style service invocation but I can't recall exactly how to do this.

This doesn't quite roll into the 'only systemd,' but it allows you to build exactly what you're looking for.