University can’t scan students’ rooms during remote tests, judge rules

No. Professors should write their tests in a way that actually tests understanding, which is much harder to fake than memorization.

Agreed. We can't ignore that in many cases, students are in competition with each other for grades. If there's a reasonable assumption that the others have an unfair advantage, you're really not left with an alternative other than to cheat yourself. I think it's fair to compare it to the prevalence of adderall at universities.

I took some graduate courses in an online environment back when that was a relatively new concept in the late 2000s. Everything up until the midterm and final exam were online, and I had to physically go to a designated test area for those. I felt reasonably assured that everyone else was being held to the same standard.

Tests aren't really a good way of assessing learning in the first place. Doing well in them usual just involves temporary memorisation, which has no real value. Education systems should move towards better assessment methods, like project work. analytic reports, and summaries, which also have the benefit of being able to be done remotely if needed.