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GSM, not CDMA.

CDMA on Verizon and Sprint in the USA and Bell and Telus in Canada, at the time.

Yeah but we’re talking about UK here…. So GSM is correct.

"> August 2002: Shazam launches as a text message service based in the UK."

AFAIR, we never had CDMA in the UK, so what Verizon et al. were using is irrelevant.