In my not so extensive Clojure experience, there's almost nothing you need to know about JVM to do real things with Clojure. If you're building something big/complex enough that you need to know something about the JVM, then you probably already discovered what you needed along the way.
Basic Java interop is pretty simple (and concise!). But unless you're specifically needing a Java library, you won't even do this much. You _can_, but it tends to be more for performance optimization in my experience.
In other words, don't be scared of JVM. I would say it's kind of like Elixir/Erlang. You can do real things with Elixir without knowing hardly anything about Erlang. Of course, later on you can do more awesome things if you know how and when to leverage the Erlang VM. Same probably goes for Clojure/JVM.