They don't approve the loans automatically. They go through your photos, social networks,calls, etc. to make sure it's a real account.
The loanshark can say "show me the conversation with your boss. Show me the conversation with your mom.". They can cross reference things between the person's memory and the conversations. They can download all the conversations and put them in a database so the same conversation set can't be used to take out another loan.
They can also call your contacts to confirm details - ie. 'can you confirm Mary is your daughter? Does she have 2 cats and a dog?'
However, I'm curious about one thing. Everyone who suggest spoofing the system for the sake of privacy, do you believe people who do that... will actually also repay the loan they were given? Or would they just use a fake name & commit fraud?