as soon as you send a message, it goes into a little list on the side of your screen of things that are transferring to Google's servers. You can see it there, and you will see it go away when it has been transferred, so you know what's going on. But in the mean time, you can go back to your inbox, look at other emails, or do whatever else you want. That's how an asynchronous interface should be done.
One thing I didn't notice the article mentioning is that it's possible to have blocking only for certain parts of an interface. So if you press a "load picture" button, then maybe a gray square with a spinner will appear, but the rest of the interface should continue working as usual.