I just looked at the scripts for the last StatefulSet thing I did, and it has the exact workaround in the apply script. I.e. recreate the ss, edit the pvcs, and restart the rollout when there is a volume size change.
K8s has really been an experience of encountering 2-4 year old bugs (closed by the stale bot of course) and missing features. We accumulate increasingly more workarounds and additional pieces of complexity to deal with this. Everything is always changing, but somehow still staying the same.