There is a lot of examples of this, and in economics has a colloquial term: cobra effect -- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perverse_incentive

When Englad still domain India, there was a lot of cobra there, that means a problem for the English people. The solution: pay directly to anyone who brings a dead cobra. The result: people raised cobras to kill them and get paid for that.

Always surprise me the incapability of some countries/governments of think in long term.