In Canada, if you refinance before your mortgage term end it's typically to pay 3 months of interest as penalty or the difference between your new rate and the old rate until the term ends.
It's pretty damn punitive.
They only exist in the US and Denmark: https://www.thediff.co/p/the-30-year-mortgage-is-an-intrinsi...
And they only exist because of A LOT of government intervention.
If interest rates don't continue to only go down - I imagine you'll see them disappear in the US and Denmark.
US & EU banks mostly make their mortgage profits from constantly refinancing at ever lower rates.
But banks don’t profit off the interest rate on mortgages. It’s mostly origination fees. Mortgages are sold off immediately. They don’t hold onto them.