Not so much 2D projections on a plane (as seen in the link), more 1.5D scrolls akin to railway | subway route graphics.
The road scrolls unroll to reveal parallel lones, left and right, horizontally departing a central hub, with waypoints for destinations marked along the way.
Early examples of network diagrams collapsed to a near linear projection.
1a: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabula_Peutingeriana
1b: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabula_Peutingeriana#/media/Fi...
Edit: I also noticed that the Tabula Peutingeriana is linked in the header of the site, clearly I should be more observant :-)
There are others that I have seen in the British Library collection and some in Rome but I'd be struggling to name them - I had a lot of exposure to experts in History of Maps back in the 1980s|1990s when I was working bridging wet film photogrammetry and digital mapping, sadly my main focus was programming, mathematics, lens geometry, unification of existing maps under WGS84.
All the examples I've seen have that subway diagram look, albeit freehanded, and clearly were all part of a tradition of road maps in that related style.