This is very far from understanding how cats actually perceive the world, but it's possible to extract crude images [0] from a cat's lateral geniculate nucleus (the part of the visual pathway between the eye and the visual cortex). The LGN likely does not perform much (if any) role in high level visual cognition (that's reserved for the visual cortex), but it does perform a lot of image preprocessing.

It might just be pareidolia, but IMO that preprocessing results in the human face looking strikingly catlike.

[0] https://www.berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/99legacy/10-15-...