DNS-over-HTTP/3 in Android
security.googleblog.com
security.googleblog.com
DNSResolver was made a modular system component in Android 10, but as for why DNS-over-HTTP/3 will only be supported on "some Android 10 devices", it's because the APEX module was only optional at the time. DNSResolver became a mandatory APEX module to ship for GMS devices upgrading to or launching with Android 11.
I believe you can check if support for DNS-over-HTTP/3 has rolled out for your device through this shell command:
adb shell cmd device_config get netd_native doh
I don't understand how it was posted, since the url is identical to the one in this post.
This has been possible for a long time on Linux, Windows, Mac, iOS and Android. Network "security" based on blocking DNS queries is really snake oil. Always has been.