5 Great Science Books to Expand Your Mind
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The Emperor's New Mind, by Roger Penrose. Really cool book.
The Road to Reality: A Complete Guide to the Laws of the Universe, by Penrose again.
Shadows of the Mind: A Search for the Missing Science of Consciousness, Penrose.
Materials Science: Gordon, Structures, or Why Things Don't Fall Down.
Linguistics: Pinker, The Language Instinct
Evolutionary Biology: Dawkins, The Blind Watchmaker
Molecular Biology: David Clark, Molecular Biology Made Simple and Fun
Physics: the canonical answer is "Feynman". I won't argue with that. His little books (QED and The Character of Physical Law) are quite nice.
Instead I recommend Kip Thorne's Black Holes & Time Warps, a great book.
Chemistry, the in-between science, doesn't really lend itself so easily to popularization as physics or biology. There's no deep principles, and no amazing phenomena, it's pretty much just stamp collecting.
Maybe somebody else will have some suggestions though?