The 14th amendment DID NOT expand the power of the federal government, it simply grated the federal courts authority to strike state laws using the federal constitution
No where in the 14th amendment does it claim what you imply
> The Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article.
Nonsensical.
So, under the US Constitution, state and local authorities can enact laws that the federal government cannot do anything about. The state governments absolutely have the power to prevent local governments from restricting the installation of solar panels.
So a local government would have to be granted regulatory authority over solar by the State government, which could also remove that authority.
State governmental power are dictated by the State Constitutions, those things that people have largely forgotten about has a federal government as swallowed more and more power and authority. Each State has it own binding constitution granting it authority and powers over the people of that State.