You can see this right now in Ukraine. The US and its allies are busy donating/selling all of their soon-to-expire weapons, their older model (but still good) jets, their brand new weapons. Who benefits from this? Ukraine, now. But also the weapon manufacturers, who represent a non-trivial proportion of the US economy. If Ukraine wins the war, it will be paying off its debts to the US for a century, with interest.
An economic example might be the sanctions it placed on Russia along with its allies. Russia is currently forecasted to see a 20% drop in its GDP this year, probably the single biggest effect of the war (compare to Iraq, Afghanistan, Syria effects on the US). Lots of the sanctioning can only be done because most of the global economy runs on the US dollar, as opposed to the yuan, yen, pound, euro, because the Russian loans are dollar denominated. If someone's putting the pressure on the US in some way, its various investments let it wield some massive clubs.
Can you provide a source for the claim that the bulk of US military aid to Ukraine is in the form of loans that will have to be repaid? I'm skeptical because tens of billions in government spending has been authorized for that purpose.
Would the US be the country it is nowadays if it didn't join WWII? Probably not, it would be a very different world.
The war for Europe was arguably won in Africa well before any major advances happened in either of the European fronts.
The North African campaign combined with the supplies the US has sent to the Soviets was pretty much the only reason why the Soviets have won on the eastern front.
The Axis and specifically Germany were over extended in Africa and Africa pretty much took all the fuel and air lift capacity Germany had at the time.
The Italian campaign was the nail in the coffin for the Axis in Europe well before D-Day.
And that is if we can ignore the pacific theater altogether.