Say FDA decides that houses can make people better or sicker. So they start passing housing regulations. This would be a drastic overreach outside of their law. It's experts making decision. They may even be correct. But according to todays ruling congress would need to authorize such a broad power grab.
This is what has been happening for decades, the court is finally telling Congress to get off its rear and do its job.
Besides that, congress controls the budget for these agencies. Simply by funding the EPA and the FDA, it demonstrates a level of support for their actions.
Congress is allowed to delegate their legislative authority to a third party, but it must do so through an intelligible clause. This clause states a clear objective function to the agency.
The issue is when agencies make laws that are unrelated to, in conflict with, or do not clearly achieve the goals of the intelligible clause because those are laws that the agency is not empowered to create.
Addendum :
The CAA doesn't contain a list of pollutants. It contains a definition, which CO2 fits. This already went before the Supreme Court in Massachusetts vs. EPA and set the precedent that CO2 must be considered a pollutant under the CAA. This precedent was already challenged by a few states and was upheld, and the Supreme Court didn't overrule it today either, instead going for another line of argument.
This should be very easy for congress to fix if they want to.
Upon further review: a reading of the SCOTUS pdf combined with the referenced laws, I do now believe this was a bad conclusion.
Major questions doctrine seems unbased in an measurable way. Instead, the court should have ruled that the EPA currently had the authority to do this as it was clearly granted in law, and if Congress wanted to limit it, then they would need to do so legislatively. Not the current decision which says that Congress probably didn't mean what they wrote into law because they dun deligated a lot of power.
Edit: someone else wrote this, which does make sense if their supposition is. Regardless, I'll need to read more of the laws beyond 111d.
> No it isn’t. The Clean Air Act is all about requiring polluters to use control technology, and requiring new sources to use better and more expensive control technology than existing sources. That’s the program Congress designed. Restructuring the energy industry to address climate is a different solution to a different problem, related only by the commonality of emissions into air. It’s like using drug laws to regulate processed foods because both involve harm caused by ingesting things.