Kudos to Thunderbird for being the only reliable Windows email client to get S/MIME certificates right. A feature that no current webmail implemented.
By design. Why do you think gmail strips encrypted archive attachments? Surprised they even allow S/MIME.
Because Gmail can't scan for malware inside those attachments?
The biggest UX hurdle is handling the private keys.
Identity-validated is indeed administratively harder, though in my opinion that part should be done by the state/country authorities - digital driver licenses, state ID's and national ID's could just have that as well. Some EU countries have done exactly that, but software support is lacking.
The physical security they built into the facility housing the root CA was pretty intense.