With Truffle you start with a Java based tree walking interpreter (could use Kotlin too for less boilerplate), so the very easiest stuff. Then you annotate it in some places, add a dependency on Truffle and ... that's it. Now you have a JIT compiler for your interpreted language. The next step is to start refining the use of the annotations and to write specializations in order to accelerate your JIT by incorporating standard techniques like polymorphic inline caches.
Finally you can compile your new interpreter+JIT engine down to a Graal native image (single standalone native binary), thus ensuring it can start as fast as an interpreter written in C and can warm up as fast as V8. The binary can also be used as a shared library.
Given that this tech exists now, people who choose to write their interpreter in Java will have a massive edge in performance over people walking the traditional path. It's still relatively new technology but it's hard to see how it doesn't change interpreter design forever.