Are there any projects that have implemented this in production?
Various IaC ecosystems have integrations for it. It's probably the best way to store secrets for Nix-based deployments, and there are also docs and integrations that pair it up with Kubernetes and Terraform.
Idk how many companies are really using keygroups, though. Probably in some of them, the repos are public and can tell you that.
https://www.vaultproject.io/docs/concepts/seal#shamir-seals
Shamir seals
The default Vault config uses a Shamir seal. Instead of distributing the unseal key as a single key to an operator, Vault uses an algorithm known as Shamir's Secret Sharing to split the key into shards.