If I recall Guy Steele's (discontinued) Fortress scientific programming language was supposed to be like this. It was designed to have "syntactic stylesheets" and was meant to be rendered out into LaTeX, Unicode, etc. and the goal was to have some common mathematical notation in the syntax and also to make the syntax look a bit like the pseudocode that often appears in scientific and research papers.

https://web.archive.org/web/20160304052722/https://java.net/...

Wolfram Mathematica allows for this and perhaps you can do this in Haskell with some advanced trickery.

Agda

raku