That usually involves either
1. Coming up with a better pricing / risk model that lets them underwrite certain risks for less than their competitors
2. Coming up with a better way to provide / sell insurance to people, including better forms of brokerage (such as comparison services)
3. Selling things that do (1) or (2) to other businesses. Think of how post-Monzo a bunch of companies offer "challenger banks in a box".
When I worked in insurtech, we were doing all three.
It was all in excel and just needed to be ported to something more modern and future proof.
But there is no trace of any information regarding their dealflow or policies, not even the most important thing for an insurance company which is Assets Under Management.
If I want to look at the AUM which Generali or Aviva or GEICO has right now it appears both on Google and in their Balance Sheet.
The closest to AI that I've seen was a company with a "data scientist" who would just read through your emails to find insurance policies after you gave them access to your Gmail account. Seriously.