This actually bit me earlier this week when I had to write a Windows 11 iso to a usb stick. Using dd on macos, everything seemed like it wrote ok. Checksums matched. All of that. Yet when I booted the target machine with the usb stick, windows installer kept asking for drivers. Back and forth with the motherboard manufacturer and debugging and I narrowed it down to this bug in dd which skipped a few bits (or wrote them incorrectly).

Needless to say, I used a friends windows machine to make an install stick using Microsoft’s media creation tool and that worked out of the box. Strange. The only other explanation I have is that their direct download iso was corrupt or that this dd bug prevented it from writing correctly.

UDF file format. Bootable image. UEFI. SecureBoot enabled. Standard Intel chipset.