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Isn't Samsung a more likely competitor to TSMC than Intel at this point?

Both of them offer foundries to outside companies. Samsung even made chips for Apple. Samsung is suppose to hit 3nm this year, and they plan to beat TSMC by 2030 as the world largest foundry.

If we accept Intel as a valid competitor, then samsung would be.

Adding to this — can anyone compete with ASML? (Follow-up: how reliant on ASML is TSMC? My understanding is "very reliant.")

Most semiconductor equipment manufactoring companies don't really compete with anyone. This includes ASML, Applied Materials, Lam Research, and KLAC. They might overlap a bit but their main business are usually monopolies due to how advance and specific the technology is. You aren't going to find many companies wanting to join in because they are just going to be WAY far behind the leaders and in this field only the best get their equipment bought because of how expensive mistakes can be.

Any other pure-play? I don't think so. Even Intel want to rely on TSMC [0]

[0] https://www.eetimes.com/intel-will-rely-on-tsmc-for-its-rebo...

No, as of today.