Study of falling sperm counts finds 'alarming' levels of chemicals in male urine
euronews.com
euronews.com
> Low exposure to gonadal hormones during early gestation and infancy predicts higher recalled childhood gender nonconformity in men, according to new research published in Psychological Science. The findings provide evidence androgens such as testosterone play a role in the development of male-typical gender role behaviors in childhood.
No idea if it's true, but the timeline and mechanism of action seem plausible. The rise of the pill also happened around a time of greater LGBT awareness, so overall awareness is also a factor.
No, we don't because before we didn't even count. It is possible that
1. there were fewer homosexual men in the past
2. increase in the number of homosexual men is due to less persecution
are both contemporarily true.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S174360951...
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S17436...
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/15579883145384...
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S001502821...
I think that in that context, it would be hard to miss!
Talk to a doctor sometime about the volume of 30+ year old women who are on some type of daily anxiety medication. My understanding is that it's approaching 50% or higher.
Was that level of anxiety among women common before birth control?
IMO there are a whole lot of questions that come from it.
You do that for 5, 10, 15…20 years…it’s reasonable to wonder what it will do longer term.
At the same time, as you age and have older friend groups it’s hard not to notice a correlation between the friends you have who never took birth control or minimally took it who also have no anxiety issues and those that don’t.
Maybe it could be something else but IMO it warrants further study.
... but isn't it really hard to distinguish _actual_ rates of homosexuality from visible homosexuality? As public acceptance for LGBT people has increased, more people can feel safe coming out or identifying as gay.
Further, if the pill became widely available around 1970, and if this were an impactful factor, wouldn't you expect to see the corresponding change beginning in at least the mid 80s, as those kids grow up?
> According to Plutarch, the 300 hand-picked men were chosen by Gorgidas purely for ability and merit, regardless of social class.[18] It was composed of 150 male couples,[15] each pair consisting of an older erastês (ἐραστής, "lover") and a younger erômenos (ἐρώμενος, "beloved").
Older dudes with their designated younger bottoms.
I’ll also recommend https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homosexuality_in_ancient_Gre...
Over a niche historical anecdote
> During Plato's time there were some people who were of the opinion that homosexual sex was shameful in any circumstances. Indeed, Plato himself eventually came to hold this view. At one time he had written that same-sex lovers were far more blessed than ordinary mortals. He even gave them a headstart in the great race to get back to heaven, their mutual love refeathering their mottled wings. Later he seemed to contradict himself. In his ideal city, he says in his last, posthumously published work known as The Laws, homosexual sex will be treated the same way as incest. It is something contrary to nature, he insists, calling it "utterly unholy, odious-to-the-gods and ugliest of ugly things".[31]
The only thing we can really measure is what people say about themselves, often in a poll/survey/study context. More people are identifying as LGBT in the younger generations. We have no way of knowing how many people in each generation are some form of closeted. But people's increased rates of _identifying_ as LGBT have occurred in an environment where both cultural and chemical/biological factors have shifted. How could you disentangle their effects?
I think there's a risk when making claims about anything that has stigma attached to it. How prevalent has sexual assault been, over time? How many kids are raised with corporal punishment? If you expect that both their prevalence, and the willingness of people to report or talk about it changes over time, how could you know when rates go up or down?
I would argue that double of zoomers are more comfortable assuming they are homosexuals, or even, zoomers are less afraid to explore and discover their sexuality instead of "I'm not doing X because I'm obviously not gay, I'm macho" kinda of thinking, and are happier for that.
Is this a real thing? Anyone else notice it? I'm not even sure how to google it.
You're not wrong in noticing that something is wrong. No doubt folks will come out of the woodwork yelling "anec-data!". Trust your gut and keep looking.
In fact the age of the father is one of the only variables that have been shown to correlate with the prevalence of Asperger in children.
I should really go find the studies.
I'm sure there are studies to back it all up that it's super bad to have kids in 30s/40s but damn, a lot of people I know had parent in their 30s and they seem ok?
Edit: Actually I'd almost say that I'm envious by how well these older fathers children turn out. They just seem to be more chill, the kids sleep better, the parents generally have more money to deal with problems, they have more time for the children.
My experience is that when you start talking to parents, you'll find that there are very few kids who don't have some kind of "problem".
My friend group has a bunch of parents who had kids in their 20ies, and I don't know of a single kid that doesn't have some kind of "issue".
Also, from talking to a friend who is a therapist for children, she says that with a lot of children in therapy she thinks that it would be better if the parents went to therapy rather than the kids.
I'd advise any parent who has a first kid and is feeling all kinds of overwhelming or surprising things, to go and first get desensitised a bit, and then do the work...
lmao that hits home, as a kid my crazy mother always told me that I needed to see a psychologist
ADHD, hyperactivity etc were non problems 40 years ago and got no treatment.
Now, that's called child abuse, while making them lame with amphetamines is good parenting
Lack of ADHD and hyperactivity being notable problems had more to do with the lack of medical study and treatment rather than the lack of cases. 40 years ago, physical abuse was still the norm and people believed you could punish bad behaviors out of a kid. Going even further back any boy thought to be "deviant" or "troubled" would be sent to mental institutions or bootcamps.
I have seen more and more friends, relatives, and colleagues, acquaintances- all are facing problems to even conceive.
And more and more children are having serious problems like clinical depression.
Most troubling is its lack of serious research methods or credentials. Owner and editor Van Zandt is a self-described “armchair media analyst. Van Zandt said in a response (below) that he has worked in a research-related capacity in the healthcare industry.
Media Bias / Fact Check's rankings are based on a scale that Van Zandt developed on his own; the research and reporting are done by volunteers. Use it at your own risk."
https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/may/19/environm...
I'll admit, I don't think I've ever had a normal sex drive. My partner is very frustrated by this at times. Its not an attraction thing, I don't know the "why" per se here. I'd be interested to know if these things are correlated. I'd also be open to hearing about how to reverse it. (I'm 30 years old, supposedly I should be not this)
Speaking in aggregates, there have also been reports[0] of this happening across the world, including pre-pandemic[1]
[0]: https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2021/mar/16/not-ton...
[1]: https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2019/03/29/share-ame...
I wonder if it's a check doctors are generally doing now.
Also keep in mind "sex drive" (aka "libido") can be easily affected by worrying about it. Talk to a psych about it because generally speaking psych-caused libido issues are super-easy to treat.
Lastly, if you are taking medications check for whether decreased libido is on the list of known side effects. Check in with your doctor anytime you have a well-known side effect to see if you can ignore it or not.
But you can get a chunk of that just hitting the gym. Personally I find actually being out in nature and getting dirty while doing strenuous shit makes a difference WRT my vitality and vigor. An air-conditioned gym is still a largely sterile, low-risk comfort trap.
But I will admit that it's still much different in my 40s from say my late teens/early 20s. No amount of savagery in my mid-40s is going to make me the hornball that is my 19 year old self. That would probably require TRT.
By contrast, someone who is living a more sedentary life could possibly have more time and less stress, thus possibly be more focused on greater sexual frequency. Their abilities, socio-economic status, or access to women are other factors.
But also, there is no "I supposedly should not be this". You are who you are. There's an entire community of people who are asexual, and that is fine. If it bugs you personally, by all means, I recommend spelunking in your brain and finding out more. But please don't feel you have to conform to some sort of ideal.
Yes, there are your partner's needs. But if you just aren't that sexual, it is time for a (difficult) conversation - how else can they get their needs fulfilled. You can try to just make yourself be that person, but if it's truly not who you are, there's a price to pay down the road. (Hence, please talk to a professional - they're much better at helping you navigate this complex area than randos on the Internet)
But in a context of falling sperm counts, testosterone levels, endocrine disruptors showing up in urine at high levels, SSRIs (some of these are male-specific but have female counterparts), I worry that just shrugging off low-to-nonexistent libido as just "ah some people are asexual and that's valid" isn't giving a complete picture.
Sex feels really good, relationships are important to most people, most relationships of the sort I'm referring to are going to be with a partner who wants sex. To reiterate, any ego-synchronic asexuals out there, if you're happy I'm happy, but it's also okay to treat a lack of libido as a medical issue and see if it can be alleviated, which is often the case.
There's a reason the term exists, it's not for people suffering from a treatable chemical deficiency.
Doctors are even worse, they either don't see an issue, or just want to throw ED pills at me.
Its alot more complicated than you might think. I just didn't want to put all of this into one post like that, so it didn't augment peoples opinions.
I'm somewhat regretting this now, as I wonder if any potential employer might track down my identity now and see these posts and think lesser, but I'm willing to put myself out like this so I can hear from others, and I think thats worth the potential exposure
I very much doubt an employer is going to go through the trouble of tracking your anonymous HN accounts down. You are likely safe :)
Note: personal unpopular opinion unrelated to anything in particular that will get me down voted, unless recovering from some incredible trauma (death of a child, sexual abuse, etc.) I have never understood the need for a psychologist / psychiatrist. Best advice I have ever gotten is just to get on with it. No need to talk things through with some person that has never been through what you have and is just making it up as they go along. Trudge On.
I sure hope not. Frankly I'm struggling with some of this stuff, and found your comnent refreshing, in that I see someone having Frank open conversation about things that matter.
I put a lot of effort in my life into getting rid of personal judgment of this kind. This conversation is why. We should be able to talk openly and frankly about these things. About a lot of things. We're better humans when we do.
That's it, just throwing a little support your way.
"So what is a normal level? Good question. This has been the subject of a lot of debate amongst experts . Probably the best rule of thumb is if your total T is less than 200 nanograms per deciliter (ng/ dl) and you have signs or symptoms, then you are too low. Normal T ranges from 400 to 1,000 ng/ dl, and it will tend to be higher in young guys and lower in middle-aged men. This is not an absolute, and there are plenty of younger guys with T levels below 400 who are completely normal, so symptoms are key. The real fun comes when a guy’s level is between 200 and 400 ng/ dl— now what? Many experts feel that being above 300 ng/ dl is the real cutoff for normal, and as long as there are no symptoms, there’s usually no problem. On the other hand, we can do a deeper dive and check the free testosterone"
You found a doctor who said 1200 was normal? Are we talking about the same measurement?
I'm not a doctor but if we're talking about the same thing this makes me think you were treated by someone who is a recreational drug dealer who happens to have a medical degree.
High levels of activity can make it hard for certain esters to keep the levels stable if stable is what is desired. For some people longer release solutions are better, like testopel which is a pellet that goes in subq like a chip you put in a housecat's neck. Some prefer to taper over days, or even have smaller doses more often during the week. It's ultimately up to what the patient and doc arrive at that works best. Everyone is different, to an extent.
" I've been told that medically below 1200 for a healthy and young male is low "
What you've been told appears to be at odds with human biology.
I provided a reference showing this, and you responded that 1200 is "safe". Which is neither here nor there.
Perhaps it's safest to assume you misunderstood or misremembered what the doctor told you about what is low. Anything below 1200 is not low.
Unfortunately, it's not a one size fits all solution with a lot of different opinions as far as what constitutes therapeutic dose vs supraphysiological. 1200 is what a young adult male would have, sometimes more in certain populations. If someone is sedentary and does not engage in high intensity activities, or is overweight, I could see them being prescribed a low dose because of the risk of adverse effects.
Since you appear knowledgeable and passionate about the topic: In your medical practice, what dosages of which compounds are you commonly prescribing your patients to achieve what levels for TRT? Do you have experience with trans-males? If so, what levels are you trying to maintain with them specifically in your practice?
I don't know what's going on here, if you are just talking about trans males I would never have responded the way I did, and you could have been clearer in your earlier posts.
Or maybe you just brought that up as some sort of bad faith attempt to change the subject from the fact you are posting misinformation on human anatomy without citation?
Given the sarcasm in your last paragraph that seems more likely.
my libido was insane after 2 months. (which was annoying because I was single and had no prospects at the time)
I can find nothing showing there is an effect over time.
It doesn't appear to be true that lifting has any impact on testosterone levels aside from the first hour after lifting. It goes up temporarily then returns to normal.
It appears scientists have studied such things. The biological concept of homeostasis could explain why that might be true.
So it is what it is.
"My partner is very frustrated by this at times" Respectfully this should be an alarm bell. Sex is an important driver in most relationships and if your partner is upset you should be actively working with your Dr. to root cause the issue.
Low testosterone is vastly underdiagnosed. Some tests define 240 ng/dL as normal testosterones levels for a 19 year old man. That's low even for a 70 year old. No man alive will even function at their real cognitive capacity at such low levels (brain fog is a low T symptom). Obviously, in a medical system that defines 240-300ng/dL Test as normal, TRT won't be the mainstream treatment. Its "controversialness" is completely unearned.
https://www.chicagotribune.com/business/ct-xpm-2013-09-15-ct...
Theoretically TRT would actually make a patient's sperm count worse.
Both are used to manage estrogens for those who run steroid stacks. They are likely useful for managing estrogens for normal folks too. Ask your endocrinologist, obviously.
Adrenals, liver, thyroid issues can all contribute to jacked Test levels. A complete panel will give you a good starting point for root causes.
This blanket advice is a bit dangerous. Once on a test cruise for longer than a couple months, it's a lifelong commitment. Low testosterone has a LOT of input variables. You need to know your cortisol, your LH, your FSH, your E2 and SHBG, your TSH, and T3/T4 levels as well.
Some men can be fixed with stress reduction methods, some can be fixed with interventions that increase gonadotropins, like clomiphene or HCG. Sometimes you need to inhibit aromatization into estradiol. Sometimes you just need to lift heavy weights.
Check all your hormones, because your HPTA is not a one-variable function. Then decide on a course of action.
Hitting up Big Mike in the locker room for 500mg test cyp because your testosterone is low is a bit premature.
If the medical consensus is not wrong your "general agreement" about shopping doctors is probably at least a little risky.
Apologies, for some reason I read this through my biohacking lens and hadn't even considered standard medical channels, ha.
Due to another health issue, it will be complex to treat and I've considered Clomid versus just straight shots. And frankly, I am a little scared of what a normal sex drive would be like.
https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/h...
So use was stopped 50 years ago. And mostly stopped 10 years before that. Was a commonly discussed thing in the 1970's and 80's. But less after that.
Only then you will, hopefully, rediscover parts of your sex drive.
If it's a matter of controlling what we eat, then hitting the gym isn't enough. We'll have to curtail and adjust diets as best as we can, start being more careful around what sprays/treatments are used in vegetables and what anti/pro biotics the animals are fed with. We'll need stricter nutritional breakdown on this. We might even need to cut out certain foods if, by default, they are harmful to us past a certain quantity. We will have to switch from using the plastics we use in bottles and food storage containers to safer ones. Would fasting help here, even?
If it's a matter of quality of air, we'll need to install better indoor filters (assuming we spend most of our time indoors). Outdoor air pollution is something we can't really solve on a dime, so to speak, as it would need greater intervention by Big Government et al to put into motion (good luck with this). So we'll have to do the best we can on our own, limited budgets, that we can to reduce the impact. For those who can afford it, living in an over all healthier outdoor-air-quality place is the way to go.
Does it permeate from/through the clothes and through the skin?
Feel free to add more of this sort of thing as a reply. At this point, having seen what I've seen, all bets are off that anyone other than ourselves will actually lift a finger to solve this, so we'll have to do it by ourselves, for ourselves.
So keep lifting.
They have outsized effects at very low levels, and we aren’t very good at regulating exposure to them. See for example the whole BPA thing (along with many other plastics), PFAS, etc.
I’ve read that the EU is more proactive about banning chemicals: companies there have to prove that they are safe for humans, vs the US where companies can go wild unless and until the chemicals are proven to be unsafe for humans. I don’t know if that’s true though; I haven’t looked deeply into it.
Should be fairly easy to check for correlations across neighboring urban vs rural regions.
I suspect an under-appreciated source of BPA and BPS is thermal ("receipt") paper. One receipt can contain 1000x as much BPA as a plastic-lined can[0], which is absorbed through the skin (especially when using hand sanitizer) or transferred to the mouth[1]. They can also contaminate objects in direct contact — cash, coins, wallets, clothing, food packaging, etc.
The official assumptions used to calculate the public's "typical exposure" are laughable[2]:
> For example, the European Food Safety Authority’s (EFSA) exposure model estimates one handling event per day for adolescents and adults as typical exposures, and 4.6 handling events per day as high exposures; each exposure was anticipated to last 10 seconds. EFSA also estimates that average exposure involves handling by three fingertips on one hand, and high exposure comprises handling by three fingertips on both hands (6 fingers total).
One behavioral change individuals can do is carry an envelope for receipts, and ask cashiers to place them directly in the envelope. If the cashier asks why, spread the word! Suggest that they ask their employer switch to non-phenol paper that doesn't contain BPA or BPS.
[0] https://www.pca.state.mn.us/green-chemistry/bpa-thermal-pape...
[1] https://www.ewg.org/research/bpa-coats-cash-register-receipt...
At least, that's my personal belief. Let's do a quick literature review to check if there's disagreement with the claims of the researchers.
Firstly, are sperm counts actually falling at all? The article says:
"Sperm quantity and quality have dramatically declined across Western countries in recent decades, with research suggesting sperm counts have been more than halved in the space of 40 years."
But Tong2022 [1] says:
"Concerns regarding declining sperm counts have existed for over 50 years, and even predate the use of a standard means to assess semen characteristics ... in the field of reproduction, the contention that sperm counts are declining is not universally accepted and has been a hotly debated topic over the last several decades.1,5-9"
If they are falling, does it actually matter?
"... our review suggests that a decline in sperm counts does not necessarily translate to a decline in male fertility"
A New York Times report [2] on their study stated:
"Now a group of interdisciplinary researchers from Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology contend that fears of an impending Spermageddon have been vastly overstated. In a study published in May in the journal Human Fertility, they re-evaluated the 2017 review and found that it relied on flawed assumptions and failed to consider alternate explanations for the apparent decline of sperm ... even the data that passed muster was geographically sparse and uneven and often lacked basic criteria like the age of the men. Moreover, its authors took for granted that a single metric — sperm count — was an accurate predictor of male fertility and overall health ... no one knows what an “optimal” sperm count is ... as methodologies for counting had improved and been standardized since the 1980s, sperm counts had appeared to fall. In other words, it may simply be that earlier scientists were overcounting sperm."
A lot of this stuff originates in a 2017 meta-study by Dr Swan et al. Tom Chivers reviews Swan's book on the "spermogeddon" [3]:
"the book does not seem sensible. Because for Swan, everything causes fertility problems, not just phthalates. Sugar, beef, cycling, stress, watching TV, doing too much exercise, doing too little, eating the wrong diet; you can barely get out of bed in the morning without sabotaging your chance of having a baby ... I half expected her to say we ought to wear ray-shielded underpants ... She even suggests that the growth in intersex conditions and perhaps the rise of gender dysphoria, and even changes in gender identity, could be because of EDCs (and taking paracetamol in pregnancy!)
This hyperventilating about human extinction, and rolling everything bad into a ball labelled “fertility and phthalates”, makes no sense if you think Swan (a respected epidemiologist) is trying to give a dispassionate assessment of fertility issues. But she’s not. This is a polemic."
A key problem with Swan's argument is that she and others like her define fertility as how many babies women have. This makes it easy to draw a correlation between falling sperm counts and falling fertility, but eliminates the impact of free choice. Women prefer to have fewer children as their countries get richer and child mortality falls, but as far as these "respected epidemiologists" are concerned that's apparently out of scope.
[1] https://bcmj.org/sites/default/files/BCMJ_Vol64_No3_bcmd2b.p...
[2] https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/04/health/sperm-fertility-re...
[3] https://unherd.com/2021/03/the-truth-about-spermageddon/
1. Sperm count might not be falling at all.
2. If it is, that might be some sort of natural variation, or an effect rather than a cause (maybe sperm counts fall if you aren't regularly impregnating women, which is to some extent a social choice).
3. Even if there is a natural cause, it might not be chemicals.
4. Even if it is, that might not actually be a problem worth worrying about.
"17 times what is considered safe"
Considered safe by who? Epidemiologists?
Did you read the paper? The authors specifically chose chemicals that have been shown to reduce male sperm counts. The hazard levels they chose were based on the observed effects on sperm production from those studies.
We know these chemicals reduce sperm count and they are being found in high quantities in urine, so it doesn't seem likely that the measured decrease in sperm is due to measurement error or some other cause.
No, they chose chemicals that predictive modelling claims would reduce male sperm counts. This is epidemiology remember, they hardly care about real experiments. From their cited paper Kortenkamp2020:
"combinations of chemicals with different mechanisms of action are predicted that should result in cumulative effects. These predictions are then mapped against evidence from experimental mixture studies with relevant combinations"
If we check the Table 2 RfD data to explore the citations, e.g. for the very first entry in the table, we find:
"Due to variations in the no-observed adverse effect levels (NOAELs) in high confidence studies, possible reference doses ranged from 0.0001 to 0.0099 μg/kg/d. In choosing 0.003 μg/kg/d we struck a balance between caution suggested by studies at the lower end of the doses and the weight of evidence from studies with higher NOAEL. BPA exposures currently experienced by European populations and beyond are in excess of 0.003 μg/kg/d ... The precise mechanisms by which BPA affects semen quality are not resolved"
So their figure for safe BPA exposure level is made up. The evidence gave them an enormously varied range of possibilities, and they picked one of the lowest values allowable given that evidence because they wanted to incorporate "caution", and - totally coincidentally - because that level would let them say that most Europeans are being exposed to dangerous levels (according to their made up estimate).
They also have no idea how this is meant to work biologically, which raises the risk of a correlation=causation fallacy, and their direct evidence comes from studies on baby rats. They exclude experiments on adult rats because, well, who the hell knows, they don't explain that, and they then go to include epidemiological studies on adult men so it's not like there's anything meaningful behind that choice.
One might ask whether this evidence tells us much about humans given the frequency with which cancer has been successfully cured in rats. So what about the evidence from people?
"In adult men, the best timing of exposure measurements would be around 90 days before taking a semen sample, because spermatogenesis takes approximately 75 days, with an additional 12 days of maturation as the sperm travels through the epididymis. However, none of the eligible studies adopted such a timing. Instead, most studies collected urine samples for BPA measurements at the same time, or near the time of semen analysis"
So their studies aren't measuring sperm counts at the right time and they know this, but use the data anyway. Where do they find these men?
"These studies are case-control, cohort or cross-sectional with participants drawn from the general population, occupational cohorts, or couples from infertility clinics"
Infertility clinics!
With epidemiology papers it's always like this. We learned that from COVID. You don't actually need to read the work of these sorts of 'scientists' to know they're going to be filled with wild suppositions, unverified assumptions, garbage quality data and nonsensical methodologies. It's just a totally corrupt field. Life is too short to double check everything coming out of public health research; at some point we have to learn to stop listening.
I know the article isn't about testosterone, but I believe this is all connected in some way or another.
Heck, sitting in chairs puts your testes closer to your body, which reduces sperm count.
There are tons of reasons that probably add up. The scary part might be the pollutants though.
Women also change their level of testosterone preference based on the stress level of environment. Civilization is by definition a less stressful environment regardless of inflation/unemployment rate.
I'm curious -- how far back do we have good data on that? When did we learn enough to measure it? Are there techniques to estimate it for people in the far past, or is this the kind of thing where you really need to collect / process samples at the time of interest?
We also need to ban polyester clothing, at least for categories washed frequently: socks, tshirts, underwear. Polyester clothing is made from discarded plastic and inevitably degrades into microplastics inside your own house, bed, washing machine.
I'm sympathetic, but I'm afraid people don't realize just how incredibly difficult this would be. Polyethylene terephthalate, colloquially "polyester", has completely transformed the textile industry. You want mold-resistant carpets and kitchen towels? Polyester. Water-resistant lightweight warm clothes? Polyester. Ultra-light athletic clothes? Polyester. Bathing suits that don't chafe? Polyester. Durable, stain-resistant upholstery? Polyester. Fuzzy blankets? Polyester. Cheap suits? Polyester. Gore-Tex? You bet it's on polyester.
Lyocell can pick up some of the slack in terms of durability, and if we ever nail down artificial silk it can insulate pretty well, but for water and mold resistance, pretty much everything else you can use will also leave behind microplastics. We're talking big downgrades in the quality of everything. Rumplestiltskin never seemed so real.
Ugh, synthetic towels. They don't absorb anything, just push it around. They burn and/or melt if you try to use them as a substitute oven mitt. They're beyond awful.
Get white cotton ones and bleach them. They actually function as towels, which should be the minimum standard for, you know, a towel. You don't need mold resistant towels.
As for the rest:
The cost problem's the main issue. Take away the cheapest materials, demand goes up for the next-cheapest and pretty soon it's not cheap anymore (yes, they can make more, but only to a point). Our society's totally adapted to clothes so cheap they're not worth repairing, that don't need special care because, even if extra care would make them last longer, they're so cheap it's not worth any time or materials, et c. Given the modern cost of labor in the developed world, a large chunk of the population would be doing a lot more DIY clothing repair than they do now.
This is why I didn't even mention wool. It's not so expensive now, but if PETE was gone, surging demand for wool would quickly make it very expensive.
If you go extreme with it, you can't even use stuff that comes in glass jars or bottles—the inside of the lid is plastic.
Raw vegetables in a plastic bag? Not so bad, you can wash them and then cook them yourself (but avoid non stick cookware which has PFAS coatings - use stainless steel and cast iron instead).
I also think you’re overstating the difficulty of avoiding major sources of BPA. Most cling wrap doesn’t contain phalates. Buy fresh food and cook as much as possible.
The so-called disinformation-prone conspiracy-theorists have been strongly emphasizing the problem of plastics and chemicals in the water having a negative affect on testosterone and sperm counts for many, many years. So why is this being reported on more just now?
And beyond the science, what are the real social consequences of lower testosterone and sperm counts? You could look at lower birth rates particularly in developed nations, and less natural male aggression leading to a more docile and controllable population. Just an observation.
Especially on HN, it's a particularly shrewd assessment where we ought to be critical of every single thing we are told, and told to believe - because we've been burnt before, we've learned our lessons, and we ought to know better. The part of the play is to assume that everyone who is labeled a "conspiracy theorist" automatically believes in far out things like the planet being flat. It's a very good disqualification mechanism, and people buy into it easily. Lets not bring that to HN.
How high or low male aggression is is certainly an interesting discussion, but I think is missing the most important point.
All other things being equal, a man with a higher testosterone level may tend to be more aggressive and less docile than the same man with a lower testosterone level.
If chemicals/plastics are reducing testosterone, the average man today might be less aggressive than he otherwise would have been.
> Furthermore, I think countries that have exceptionally low violence from males (like Scandinavian and (some) European countries) point out what -can be- and that this violence that we see in America and a lot of 3rd worlds countries is more societal and learned than innate.
Do Scandinavian immigrants come to America and start a crime rampage either in the first, second, or third generation? Have any American newspapers made note of the Scandinavian crime problem? If the American experience was the biggest variable in American crime, then the crime rate from American immigrants from Scandinavian countries should be noticeably higher than the crime rate in Scandinavian countries? You need to isolate for the right variable and compare the same kind of apples-to-apples populations to make the determination.
> Aka nature affects it more than nurture.
You can have any opinion you want of course, but I think you meant to say that nurture matters more than nature because you're making the argument that violence is societal and learned.
They are lucky they didnt discover that baceria make us sick - we've put that guy in a mental asylum
2) Certainly it's fair to point out that mind-reading isn't a thing and you can't prove why anybody does anything. Thoughts and motives of others are internal to their brain, and while they can be in evidence, they cannot be fully known. This idea that you can mind-read is something that virtually every media entity, whether it's a mainstream corporate outlet or some indie conspiracy theorist, gets wrong. Many news headlines are literal mind-reading headlines that are impossible to verify. Once you start looking for this, you'll see media mind-reading everywhere.
3) I'd like to point out that you arguably committed the same mind-reading error in your post that you're critiquing. By saying that that "the former sells more books", you're stating an assumption that their motives are fiduciary and not driven by a genuine desire for human freedom and quality of life. Your statement may or may not be accurate, but certainly isn't a provable summary of their motives.
4) A lot of the ivory tower crowd likes to scoff at the conspiracy theorists, saying they always get things wrong. That can be debated until the cows come home, but I'd like to point out one small thing. There's no war in my lifetime (other than Ukraine, imagine that) that a large chunk of the corporate media weren't hooting, hollering, and cheerleading for, and I can't think of many conspiracy theorists who ever supported the constant random wars. Just think about that when deciding if contrarian voices are needed or not.
Take it with a grain of salt big enough to club someone with.
> The team then compared the results with acceptable levels of exposure derived from the scientific literature.
> For example, the data used dated from 2009 to 2010, and exposure to BPA may have decreased since, while exposure to other chemicals may have increased.
> Another uncertainty is whether women of reproductive age have the same levels of chemical exposure as the men in the study.
Even the researchers suggested a wider time frame and a larger comparison group.
Is there any quarterly report that doesnt suggest doing something to invrease profits