Not sure the gap here is computer science. If you've done a decent computer science course even just scraped past all the exams you should be able to easily do the easy problems on leetcode. Maybe the problem was that the course you have done just had a simple learn a, do exam on a move on to the next thing. In your case you never really learned a you just learned how to pass the exams for a.

To me it maybe sounds like more that you didn't apply the learning so the course was a mechanical pass exam get piece of paper with degree on it. Now that you've looked at jobs they want you to use all that knowledge to perform. This isn't an uncommon scenario which is why companies use things like leetcode as they don't want employees who will take another X years to re-learn everything they should have in their degree / course / bootcamp. It's also why companies often pass on self taught programmers. There is a risk that they are just aping what they have been told and not really learning anything.

> It’s worth noting that I am overwhelmed, and even procrastinate when I don't have an overarching framework (like school)

Yes this is again very common. Education systems will spoon feed you such that it's very had to actually fail the exams. The reason being that as an organisation they are measured against those pass marks and so don't want 75% of the people failing. Same thing with bootcamps if they said on their website only 10% of people manage to pass this test you probably wouldn't pay their fees.

So yes sure work part time and start to relearn but I think the problem is about the approach here. You need to learn how to learn properly. I would look up this talk for a starter:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vd2dtkMINIw

Lots of info in that to help I think.

So my advice is learn how to learn properly first. Then re-learn the stuff you missed in your courses. Then try to use that in your own side project / portfolio pieces. You might have to go back and forward through that journey.

Good luck and it's a really good sign you have noticed this as some devs managed to actually get the jobs even when they have these serious gaps in knowledge by using something like Cracking the Coding Interview and cramming all the solutions.