There's pip for python, npm for JS, cargo for rust
For C/C++ all I know are multiple different possible build and make systems, but none works like a package manager, as far as I know
Note that I don't always love when something installed with pip or npm puts files all over your OS or homedir without being managed by the package manager, though
Downloading the source by hand, trying to wrangle what dependencies it has not vendored (which may or may not be available through your system package managers, in versions which may or may not be recent enough), and trying to find out how to build it.
Though do note that this issue can also hit when installing python, js, or rust package, if they ultimately have native dependencies. Their respective build systems will generally try to make it work out of the box, but if your configuration was not specifically tested / supported it can break with fun C-level compilation errors.
It's awesome. And complicated.
./configure --prefix=/usr/local && make && sudo make install
And maybe I need to install one or two dependencies, similarly they should be familiar, or small and comprehensible, and only downloaded and installed with my explicit actions.
(And yeah autoconf generated configure scripts are crazy huge and baroque, and could easily be 1/10 the size for the needed functionality, but compared to "npm install" I'll take it.)