You can have the backend render partials and only send the affected part. This has been widely in use and battle-tested for about two decades in .NET WebForms, PJAX, Rails Turbolinks and other technologies.
Also, wether the app does this or that is completely orthogonal to how you build it. You don't need tho share code with the backend.
> Sure, I should setup a complex and huge dependency for just one of the many problems I highlighted. What a great idea
Except for cases where the team doesn't know anything other than JS, using this is significantly simpler than forcing the whole backend to be in JS. Also, there are several other options.