Isn't this exactly what (in theory) systems like PKI or even PGP are supposed to fix?

I know this is probably techno-utopianism, but it'd be pretty cool if every resident were issued a certificate (for free) with their state or federal government as the certificate authority, which would be used for voting, paying taxes, etc. instead of ad-hoc verification systems like Name + SSN + Address.

I can imagine so many horrible problems with implementing such a system in any US state (let alone federally), but it would be pretty damn cool.