Why “relevant ads are good” is bullshit
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user.fm
I would call that “targeted advertising”.
Let's take FB for example, under the hypothetical situation where they're showing what they would call a "relevant ad":
A single mother, that has 2 kids, often talks/chats with other mothers about daycare, school activities, knitting, etc. One day out of the blue, she visits a FB group dedicated to electronics (say, assembling electronics, etc.). I can guarantee you that the first "relevant ad" she'd see on that group would NOT be about electronics, but rather something related to her interests, as tracked from her previous behaviours.
If it were truly a "relevant ad", it'd be something about electronics, and everyone else that visited that group for the first time would also see this same ad, regardless of their past behaviour (much like your podcast ad example).
Calling it "relevant ad" just means "ad relevant to the viewer", which simply translates to "targeted ad".
This can be said about so many things, and for a big part of it the conclusion is that some laws are left to be broad and ambiguous, like they're done so to be in the benefit of some.
Tax laws, environmental laws, governance spending laws, etc.
The second part of this problem is: who is enforcing these? For some media regulators keep an eye on them, for the internet it's left to the platforms who sell it.
If you want to dispute "relevant ads are good", you'd need to establish why I get no benefit from seeing ads that are relevant to me vs not.
If they can't do that then the onus is definitely not on me to "prove ads give me no benefit". That's like putting a toxic gas in my room and asking me can I prove it's bad for me. Even if I can't prove it I can definitely say I was fine without it before.