I remember reading, that this is not the only place in LOS, that google servers are used, but I never looked into it.
1: https://forum.xda-developers.com/t/guide-how-to-avoid-the-ca...
https://www.bcs.org/articles-opinion-and-research/the-danger...
https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2020/10/why-getting-paid-your-...
As far as solutions, these are probably going to be more regulatory than technological in nature:
https://www.cnet.com/news/privacy/what-gdpr-means-for-facebo...
But in general, Android is probably the OS I trust most. It has close to embedded-level reliability with almost consumer desktop level features.
Other platforms have to make a lot of compromises to achieve high availability, and are very simple, manual-first things like a very lightweight Linux.
The only real problem I have with the UI is the lack of an Undo, the fact that no browser lets you disable pull to refresh, and the few times I have found Bluetooth mysteriously turn itself off.
There's never any real confusion. I never have to read a manual or wonder where something is. It's perfect for a mobile platform, because you can do whatever you need to do right then and there, even if you haven't prepared for it or done it before.