Yes, through the Samsung debugger. See https://isdotnetopen.com for more information about remaining problems in the .net ecosystem. dotnet claims to be open but it really isn’t yet unfortunately…
The C# extension from the open-vsx repository is from Samsung. I've never used it but it looks like it uses omnisharp just like the MS version. I would say yes, it is usable.
Which other debugger could one use with VS code that is not from Microsoft?