Simple And Terrible Machines
noncombatant.org
noncombatant.org
Instead of brands because those are often tied up with the look of an instrument, I'd recommend you look at the individual components. Locking tuners, wrap around bridge or floyd rose (not a cheap knock version), coil splitting or active pickups or other pickup advancements.
I'm a couple years removed from playing so this might be out of date but I really liked the PRS SE line, the mid-pro level Jackson line, and some of the mid-priced G&L line (Leo Fender's second company and set of designs). I tended to play blues and metal so my selections really fit that style.
I'm more of a high end custom guy for acoustics, in my experience you get what you pay for MUCH more on acoustics. If an electric plays well, you can make up a lot of sound from the amp (tube or modeling if you need variety), good pedals, and aftermarket pickups. Acoustics sound great when you play them or not. I always tell people to spend on the Acoustic and balance it out with electric.
As an aside, I just can not imagine comparing any three electric guitars and finding so much separation as to warrant a C/C++/Rust analogy. To my mind, the design of the electric guitar is so similar in pertinent detail between Leo’s Broadcaster and a 2022 custom luthier made electric that I wouldn’t even know which language to use in the analogy.
Main three things I want to be better designed is better/easier tuning and tuning stability, quality and versatility of sound, and playability. Neck profile and construction is a another example. Set neck (Les Paul and PRS), bolt on (Tele and Strat), or Neck Through (Jackson, ibanez) all have different advantages.
To me the C/C++/Rust example fits pretty well, Leo's Broadcaster is completely different sounding and playing than a custom built strat or high end PRS. Humbucking pickups as just an example. The Broadcaster had terrible feedback issues at high volume for example and a modern guitar should never have that issue unless you intend for it to feedback. Broadcaster is rough design, few features, and easy to make mistakes on alot like C. Les Pauls and Strats add a ton of features from the Tele/Broadcaster and can be easier to play but can also are more complex in there setup/design like C++. Modern designs are even more complex (active eq/pickups, locking tuners and roller nuts, floyd rose bridges etc...) but just as powerful but setting them up is a steep learning curve at times just like Rust.