This seems like more of a process problem than a technology problem. Our company has a simple rule for this: you break it, you fix it -- immediately. As a result, our development process is very stable.
However I do agree that web-only seems a bit much. Just last night I was doing some company work on my laptop while my power was out (no internet).
The nice middle ground is dockerized development containers in VSCode, IMO. Very excited to set that up when I get a chance. And they translate right into all these fancy web IDEs (like Github codespaces) so you can have a dev env in the cloud if you really want to, and snag it for a plane or train ride etc.
Just let them run the same OS as prod no?
Or have them use VMWare or Docker.
This was sometimes my experience working with and leading teams with devs of varying experience but always full freedom.
Nobody actually likes it.