> The implication, I believe, is that plain JavaScript is…
No, the author actually tells us the reason — "And, we could well have chosen JavaScript for our Node.js code, though we're not likely to do this due to TypeScript being much more convenient to work with by comparison."
Given the title is "We're choosing Rust, and not Go, C++, or Node.js" the plain reading was always that "TypeScript is apparently far more energy-hungry" than Rust, Go, C++.
> … the state of CLBG in 2017…
The author does not mention the benchmarks game.
What you say has to be about what was used by that independent study 5 years ago, not about whatever the benchmarks game website showed 5 years ago.