People clearly thought very hard about this. Different parts of the world came to different conclusions about it. Nobody thought that the lockdowns wouldn't cause immense amounts of economical and societal damage.
The calculation was whether they would have a worse impact than letting huge numbers of people die. And huge numbers of people died anyway!
I'd like to learn more about the economic impact of over a million deaths (in the USA). I would expect that to affect communities and industries in very complicated ways as well.