In Germany, there's the option to have the government secure your loan towards the investment bank. For the founder, that means you get capital into your new company and only the company is legally liable for it, but not you personally.
This is what the US should really subsidize, the ability to bootstrap and start a new business, especially first time business owners. I know the SBA does some things around this but it is very much focused on "mom & pop" type stores, I don't know of any software businesses started with an SBA loan (though I imagine due to time and volume, there probably is one).
I think taking the risk out of it in this way would be a huge economic win, but it would definitely not be popular with the incumbent businesses that have the dominate lobby voice in US politics.