That sounds like a Linux distro with the base OS factored out; the only difference between that and, say, Debian, is that Debian is a kernel + core userspace and not just application libraries. I'm not aware of anything quite like that already existing, but OS distros are sufficient prior art for me to think that it could work.

EDIT: Actually, there are package managers + package collections that intentionally can be installed on top of an existing OS; nix/nixpkgs and pkgsrc are probably the big ones. I'm not 100% sure that those are what you want today, but it's likely that if you could get maintainers to add your desired packages they'd be accepted there.