An approximation to determine the source of the WOW! Signal
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cambridge.org
> Please don't do things to make titles stand out, like using uppercase or exclamation points, or saying how great an article is. It's implicit in submitting something that you think it's important.
&
> Otherwise please use the original title, unless it is misleading or linkbait; don't editorialize.
I could see why the OP wanted to edit it if they were following the submission guidelines. You can make a case to keep the original title as is, but you can also make the case that “WOW! Signal” in the original title sounds like linkbait. So if there’s an error here, it looks like a good faith error in an attempt to follow the guidelines. :)
This is the "use-mention distinction" https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Use%E2%80%93mention_distinctio... as applied to the "!" in "The WOW! signal"
This distinction is more common online when talking about bad speech (e.g. profanity and racism); content filters simply can't tell if you are using a bad word in anger, or just mentioning its use by others; they merely match the presence of the bad word.
IMHO, the "!" should not be removed as the submission is not "doing things" (i.e. using a "!" to pep up the title ), they are mentioning the well-known existing name of the thing.
Found using https://hackernewstitles.netlify.app/
Your implicit assumption is that not a single other intelligent species decided to harness the universe by, for example, consuming stars for their raw matter, or building Dyson spheres to black out entire sections of the sky.
It is imo on you to explain why there's a hard cap on the exponential growth of intelligent life that prevents it from EVER reorganizing the universe in its own image. Not 99% of the time — that's not enough for these purposes.
Just because stealth in space doesn't work doesn't automatically mean you can see everything in space at all times. We need to build giant telescopes to see stars thanks to the inverse square law. The bigger our telescopes with better light collection the narrower their field of view. An antimatter spaceship could fly past Pluto tomorrow and we could easily miss it since we can't monitor all 4πr^2 of the sky at once with powerful telescopes.
Then you can say goodbye to those robotic spaceships. Note that I'm not claiming that they're possible -- I'm just saying that if they do exist, they're very detectable.
> An antimatter spaceship could fly past Pluto tomorrow and we could easily miss it
We can detect Voyager from way past Pluto, even though it emits only several dozen watts. I'm not sure how you'd miss an antimatter-powered spaceship at a comparable distance.
But why do it? If you send a robot to (say) Alpha Centauri what have you actually acheived, at probably enormous cost?
A tech we don't have and probably never will.
So your robot ship turns up and what happens then?
If it's going to self-replicate it needs to recreate most of the features of an entire industrial civilisation. In our terms that would be metal refinement, chip manufacture, chemical life support and more - all done by bug-free software running on hardware which is perfectly error-free and reliable and lasts indefinitely.
If it's going to seed biological (or equivalent) colonists it needs to be clever enough to find candidate planets with an ideal biosphere and no biological threats. Then it needs to teach the colonists how to survive and colonise.
A lot of SETI and colonisation seems to be based a naive idea that all you have to do is get from A to B and you've solved your expansion problem.
In reality propulsion is just the loading screen. Winning the game is a much harder challenge. So many things that can break, fail, be destroyed by chance, or go wrong because of design flaws that it's an insanely difficult problem without very much more advanced tech.
Humans are likely at the end of our biological evolution. The next steps of human artificial evolution will accelerate which means extra terrestrial intelligence is unrecognizable to us currently.
We look for modern human-like civilizations, and those obviously won't exist much.
Supernovas can have the same effect as magnetars, as also black holes. There could even be a tiny one lurking in the outskirts of our solar system (the so-called planet 9). What I wanted to point out is that the Universe is a very hostile place. There could have been myriads of civilization that were eradicated because of a cosmic event every now and then.
The difference really starts to matter as you get inside a planet's radius. As you wander closer to earths center, the gravitational pull continues trending downward and gets replaced by pressure, aka having to support increasingly large portions of the planet. Eventually you'll be killed by that pressure, as no material is known to survive the pressure. Humanity hasn't made it further than a dozen km into the rocky part of earth's surface, the fraction of a fraction of earth's radius. Mostly, earth's insides are inaccessible to us.
For black holes, this is different. The gravitational pull just keeps getting stronger and stronger the closer you get to the event horizon. Eventually you'll be killed by tidal forces. But at the height of a circular orbit at the same height as earth's surface, those are the same as on earth, aka not really something to worry about for humans.
To give it in explicit numbers, a 2 meter tall object of 80 kg mass standing on the surface of earth gets about 0.5 milinewtons of tidal forces (while having to deal with 785 newtons due to normal gravity): https://www.wolframalpha.com/input?i=80kg+*+G+*+mass+of+eart...
Thus, you can get much closer to a black hole than you can get to earth's center.
Chances that two civilizations, if they detect each other, would be on the same level of development are slim. And once a less technologically advanced civilization meets a more technologically advanced one, game is over soon. Ask Aztecs, or Sioux, or pick any other historical example.
50-100 years is probably par for that particular course. A very narrow timespan in the grand scheme of things.
Many spread-spectrum applications such as GPS use signals that are well below the thermal noise floor by the time they're received. Those signals generally can't be detected without a known sequence to correlate them against.
When you pick up an encrypted signal, it's still obvious there's a signal there. Radio telescopes will pick up cell phone signals, for example; that's why there is a radio quiet zone near the Green Bank telescope. You just can't decode the message itself without the encryption keys and algorithm.
When it comes to interplanetary reception, though, any intelligently-constructed signals will likely be below the noise floor unless deliberately broadcast for our benefit. No coherent carrier or sidebands? No spreading sequence? No chance of detection, whether encrypted or not.
Really we are more likely to pick up recognizable signals from civilizations that are intentionally trying to contact us. It's possible we could pick up radio leakage, but the signal would be a lot weaker. So there are orders of magnitude more stars that could be intentionally contacting us, vs accidentally leaking a signal. (At least assuming the ratio of the strength of their intentional vs accidental radio emissions is similar to ours.)
There's a long history leading up to those events. I find it unlikely another planet will share it.
People get all worked up about dyson spheres and radio signals, but these are so deeply rooted in the human understanding of things in our tiny tiny slice of the universe.
The beauty of the film Arrival was showing the challenge of interacting with a truly alien language.
We see a variation of this in convergent evolution across distantly related species (e.g. the evolution of wings).
But in any case, there will be some commonality in environments across many planets, owing to what environments are the most probable hosts of life, and to the fact that the laws of physics are universal.
Intelligence across species shares common characteristics even between dolphins, apes and birds which all evolved it independently.
>> "There are things in the universe billions of years older than either of our races. They are vast, timeless. And if they are aware of us at all, it is as little more than ants…and we have as much chance of communicating with them as an ant has with us. We know. We've tried. And we've learned we can either stay out from underfoot, or be stepped on."
I think my favorite variation on why we seem alone was how Earth exists in a space version of the Bermuda Triangle, called the Veil of Madness, that all spacefaring civilizations avoid: https://creepypasta.fandom.com/wiki/Mankind
Imagine there are 1% chances that an encounter with an alien civilization spells the end of humanity.
Or 0.1%, or 0.01%
Now roll that dice for millions and millions of years. It's probably a good idea to switch to communication technologies that don't broadcast your location (and your technological unsophistication). Just in case.
That is true historically, but historically we weren't at a distance of light years. Given the vastness of the universe, it seems quite possible that by the time we detect another alien civilization via their emissions in the radio spectrum, that civilization has already gone extinct.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Waitangi
More controversially I would pick India and China's encounters with Europe. I think it's possible to argue that both India and China were substantially more technologically advanced than the Europeans when significant links were established. India had maths and spinning (also probably better guns), China had silk, porcelain, paper, printing and the compass; also bigger better ships.
There were several meetings of civilizations of comparable level of advancement and strength on Earth. I posit that in space it's significantly less probable, unless we consider these civilizations to also be sisters, all humanoids coming from a common source, like these of Earth.
Not to mention the impracticality of communicating with your home planet across several light years.
If you’re basing this off of what’s happened in the past on this planet, without a good explanation as to why that would apply to an alien civilization, I’d suggest that you’re not using a good model. Bayesian epistemology is not a good way to decide what’s true, because new knowledge is created which makes the old models not work anymore.
It is simply a result of Shannon's entropy. To be detectable, signals have to be broadcasted and low entropy, the opposite of what we need for efficient communication. A signal that makes best use of its bandwidth would be indistinguishable from noise for someone who doesn't know the protocol, it is also likely to be precisely targeted at the recipient and unwanted emissions kept to a minimum in order to limit interference.
It is already happening on earth as we are replacing loud analog TV emissions with more subtle and better targeted cell phone signals.
We could enter one due to environmental pressure from the death of a key part of the biosphere, not even related to climate change.
And finally, food scarcity in a world of climate change increases the likelihood of conflict, including nuclear conflict.
Sadly, it is reasonable to be concerned about this possibility.
Climate scientists study climate. Should you want to know about climate, you can do much worse than to ask one.
There are no sides to pick here.
It's hard to find any convincing argument that climate change will destroy our civilization with anything near 1/2 odds. It's a completely different ballpark.
If there are 10^30 stars in ours, the lower bound on the odds of surpassing it have to be close to that.
Personally I expect there to be many smaller filters rather than a few great filters — 30 things each with a factor of 10 has the same effect, after all.
Anyway, there are indeed a few things in our past that look like a 10^-10 odds filter, like each time our genetic encoding changed to increase our codons and the oxygen catastrophe. There are more that look like merely "almost impossible to survive" (I'd guess some ~10^-4 filter) like large asteroid impacts, but not nearly enough to make a difference.
We have evaded this filter. On to the next.
Would explain the lack of evidence just as well.
I'm saying that there are absolutely many more habitable planets around than we believe there to be, even among the planets we've observed. We just don't know what to look for, because we don't know what's possible.
"Life, uh, finds a way."
But the little we've explored of space, it's just dead rocks. There is literally nothing that has suggested a hint of life outside our atmosphere.
I'm not completely discounting alien life, I'm saying all we have now is hope, wishful thinking and not a shred of proof.
Why though? Surely you did not do a statistical analysis, because there are too many unknowns:
What is the likelihood of life (as we know it) forming on a given planet? What is the likelihood it will become multicellular? Life on earth was prokaryotic for billions of years and the Cambrian explosion is not yet entirely understood. How likely will it become intelligent? Remember, we don't have any reason to believe that intelligence is in any way a "goal" of evolution. Even if it does, will they have the resources necessary for becoming a technological species? Maybe dolphins are super intelligent, but living in the water and not having opposable thumbs sucks if you want to make tools and perhaps harness the power of fire to build even better tools and machines.
That does not even take into account the various catastrophic events that can happen in the universe where we do not have a good idea of how likely they are. What if a meteor hits at the wrong time? What about gamma ray bursts? What if a Carrington-type event wipes out all electronics? For all we know, these could happen with an average frequency of 100-200 years. Do we have an idea of how likely it is that the climate on a planet stays somewhat stable for a few hundred million years so it doesn't spontaneously become a planet like venus? We just don't have enough data points to assign probabilities there.
So yes, I believe it is largely wishful thinking.
So either whatever caused life on Earth was completely unique and couldn't have happened anywhere else, or there's a very good chance there's other life out there. The universe is huge and it's hard for me to believe that earth is the only place where the parameters were met to cause life. From there, it's hard for me to believe that those life forms couldn't adapt to circumstances that are beyond our wildest imagination.
In 1000 years, do you think we won't have discovered forms of life that we would say are impossible today? We've discovered things we thought were impossible just 20 years ago!
First, the further out we look, the less recent our data. Every event we observe that's more than 200 light-years away happened before slavery was abolished in the U.S., and well before Earth's first radio emission.
I'm not saying we shouldn't base conclusions on evidence, but I will say that our ability to gather _current_ data about our surroundings is limited to an infinitesimal fraction of the universe. Worse, it degrades with distance. Bacteria were there, but we couldn't see them for a long time. (They were theorized, though, their existence reasoned out and later proved with evidence)
Second, unlike bacteria intelligent life is...well, you know. Suppose we're the last ones to the interstellar party, or at least not the first. We come in, blasting radio waves like a toddler, BEEP BEEP BEEP BEEP. No signal hygiene whatsoever. Our neighbors on the other hand likely learned a long time ago to hide their presence from all but those they trust, and certainly from those on a lower technological playing field.
If the intelligence we're trying to prove can consciously avoid us finding out about them, then taking absence of evidence as evidence of anything becomes suspect.
Of all the intelligences that could exist - not just those we could detect, mind you - what percentage of those do you think are more advanced than us?
While I can't fathom anything else I still believe it's hubris to believe we understand what forms of life may exist in the universe. Maybe we exist right along something else and will never notice each other.
We're looking for what we can recognize as life.
Based on the range of extremophiles we have from just one planet, that's a lot more than you might think:
* -20 to 120 degrees celsius
* 1,100 bar pressure
* ph 1 to 11
* 6000 Gy radiation (a CT scan is about 6 mGy)
We wouldn’t even have known about such different life ON THIS VERY PLANET if we hadn’t chanced upon their remains
And we will never see them again.
It's also worth noting that long-term space survivability seems to be extremely hard to achieve, we haven't even managed to create long-term sustainable fully closed biospheres yet.
The far more likely detection method is IR signatures, specifically from Dyson Swarms. A Dyson Swarm is not a rigid sphere (a confusion caused in part by the original name "Dyson Sphere"). It is a collection of orbitals with the intent of making full use of a star's energy output. The beauty of this is it's all rather low-tech needing little more than solar power, stainless steel level materials science and (this is the big one but is an engineering problem not a science one) getting access to basic raw materials.
Just like a cloud looks solid despite being water droplets, a complete Dyson Swarm would be the same. The visible light would be blocked out.
But here's where the IR part comes in. The only way to dissipate heat in space is to radiate it away. A habitat will have to do this. At any reasonable temperature the signature of that radiated heat is as IR radiation determined by the temperature of the radiating object. That's physics.
So if you see stars with low visible light output but shines like a beacon in the IR specturm (comparatively) that's a good candidate for a Dyson Swarm because stars don't otherwise look anything like that. This is what makes any "Hidden Aliens" type scenarios rather implausible. You just can't hide these things.
Let me add this perspective: on Earth we consume (IIRC) about 10^11 Watts of energy. The Sun's energy output is in the order of 10^26 Watts. It is almost unfathomable what you could do with that much power. That's using humanity's entire energy consumption about every 30 nanoseconds.
So what's more likely: 1. Detecting a few decades of radio emissions or 2. the IR signature of what would likely be millions of years?
So I applaud any investigation into the wow! signal just like I do of FRBs. We should understand likely causes but technological life? It almost certainly isn't.
Why would you build this big mass around a star when you can create your own, much more efficient fusion reactor where and when you need it? Stars are insanely inefficient; they convert less than 1% of their mass into energy, take billions of years to do it, and you can’t turn them off when you aren’t using them. Plus, if you wanted to use it for some exotic warp drive or something, you would have to haul the mass of a star around. None of it really makes sense to me.
We already have the tech for space-based solar. Putting it in space makes it much more efficient. It's relatively low tech and doesn't require exotic materials or solving the massive engineering problems that fusion (for example) does.
Then there are other way more exotic methods (eg antimatter, black holes).
But all this misses the point. If you generated 10^26 Watts of power on Earth using fusion power you would still need to dissipate that heat into space or you'd quickly cook the Earth. So you're pretty much back to where you started.
What I like about the Dyson Swarm idea is that it requires no new physics and is relatively low-tech. So even if there is something far-future that's an option (eg antimatter, black holes) you have to ask questions like: Will everyone reach that point? Will civilizations build Dyson Swarms as an intermediate step anyway? How long is that reality? Will there still be a mixed-use future with both space-based solar and exotic enegy generation?
The Sun radiates a ton of energy into space. Capturing it is relatively simple. Dismissing that seems to defy credulity (IMHO).
You need a pretty big vessel to be self sufficient.
Of course, you'd never want to actually use a Dyson Thing to ever transmit 100% of the Sun's energy to Earth, because all energy turns to heat eventually and you'd scour the planet clean from all the inevitable waste heat.
Isn't that about typical for fusion reactions? What are you fusing in your hypothetical reactor?
https://sites.google.com/view/sources-stellar-engines https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v3y8AIEX_dU
https://arstechnica.com/science/2022/03/study-theres-no-blac...
> "Our best interpretation so far is that we caught this binary system in a moment shortly after one of the stars had sucked the atmosphere off its companion star, said co-author Julia Bodensteiner, an ESO fellow in Germany. "This is a common phenomenon in close binary systems, sometimes referred to as 'stellar vampirism' in the press. While the donor star was stripped of some of its material, the recipient star began to spin more rapidly."
Imagine the chance of a civilization getting from our point to a Dyson Swarm without destroying themselves is 1% for wahtever reasons you like. If there are 10,000 equivalents to us within 10,000 light years it becomes incredibly likely we won't see one of these. You can argue we're "first" but being "first" out of 100 or 10,000 civilizations gets unlikely.
Now imagine there are 5 instead of 10,000. Then not seeing any gets much more likely.
So my point is that not seeing any evidence of these so far is still evidence of something and that something is most likely to be that civilizations reaching even our point is rare.
As for destruction of a species at our point, that's a whole separeate avenue of discussion. But the short version is that this is incredibly likely. Even if all the superviruses get released and all the nuclear weapons get detonated humanity will still likely survive.
A lot of our advances were delayed not because that advance is hard but because we didn't know any better and just coming up with that idea is the problem. Once you know the structure of matter and ideas like smelting steel (which is realtively low tech) can be recovered way quicker than they're lost.
1,000 years ago we were throwing spears at each other. A little over 100 years ago we took our first flight. In the last 50+ years we've gone from landing on the Moon to reducing LEO payload costs from $50,000+/kg to arguably <$1,000/kg and it's likely in the next 20 years that'll come down to possibly as low as $100/kg.
Barring some cosmic catastrophe it seems that permanent habitation of orbitals within the next 1,000 is pretty conservative.
When you look at it this way, the idea of being “first” is actually the most simple solution to the Fermi paradox. It fits with what we see (or rather don’t see) without denying what history shows us: life seems to have sprung up quite easily on earth and by its nature is driven toward intelligence, insofar as intelligence is at root the capacity to predict and control the world around us. Non-intelligence can flourish as long as conditions in its world don’t diverge from the survival patterns encoded into biology. Only intelligence is capable of adapting to new and changing circumstances. Ironically, the harder it is for life to avoid annihilation, the more that evolution needs to select for intelligence. The same is true even for self-annihilation: we will have to be smarter to avoid it, not dumber.
Additionally, why would we expect earth to have evolved intelligent life if another intelligent species spread and settled across the galaxy?
The first ought to be the last.
The JWT is the most famous device at such a point, but there are a few others as well. [0]
The great thing about a swarm is that you can do it one at a time. Change the timescale to a thousand years or more, and there implied size even with our current level of tech would be nearly unimaginable compared to what we have today, while probably nowhere near a sphere.
[0] - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_objects_at_Lagrange_po...
— - - EDIT: meant to add - even if the world were destroyed today, the JWT would still transmit signals for some time (I don’t know it’s design lifetime, but likely years if not decades).
That's part of what makes Dyson Swarms attractive: planets are incredibly inefficent uses of mass in terms of living area created.
Why Mercury? It's metal-rich, has no atmosphere, has relatively low mass and energy is incredibly abundant due to proximity to the Sun.
Many seem to think we would need to dismantle the Solar System. We do not.
It’s literally more probable that all life in the universe dies than our government would cover up contact, according to the media.
There's literally so much mainstream disinformation in the UFO space that there is zero chance that someone casually be able to figure out what's fact from fiction. The noise is so high that the signal is effectively buried.
So I disagree with your assessment that the truth would be viral. Most of the human population has already been inoculated to a viral UFO truth narrative.
But two things spring to mind:
1. Computing power. AGI is an obvious one. But can you imagine the virtual worlds people could lose themselves in or even live in permanently? and
2. Interstellar travel ie space highways. Curently interstellar travel is effectively predicated fusion power (or something more exotic) because of the reaction mass problem. But another possibility is concentrating sunlight to accelerate vessels out of the Solar System. This is currently the likeliest scenario for reaching a high percentage of light speed.
Searching for radio waves is like digging for celestial dinosaurs without a shovel. Just hoping there’s a fossil on the top soil.
Another civilization might notice the IR signature of chemical changes to our atmosphere, as a clue that we're harboring intelligent life.
They probably assume that if we're smart, we're not going to try to communicate outside of our own solar system by radio. Even with a big enough antenna, radio signals eventually spread out and are governed by the inverse square law. We'd be better off sending out a matter-based container that remains intact along its journey, and can be programmed to engage in short-distance communications at its destination. Such a thing could also steer itself if it receives better information.
Who is to say that alien life would form human-like civilizations at all? Or that Dyson spheres are the "obvious" next steps for even our own civilization? Or that Dyson spheres would even suit the use cases of alien, or human, civilizations?
Life seems way more likely to evolve in a gravity well. That creates certain constraints. Likewise, it's hard to imagine how life would become a spacefaring species without some form of social organization (ie they'd need to be social creatures).
And thing slike generating and using energy and creating living area also seem to be quite fundamental.
An alternative is for a meatbag civilization to go virtual. That's possible of course but computing power is a function of energy expenditure so you're kind of back where you started.
Is there a name for this theory?
It seems inevitable to me, so I'm curious to hear the counter-arguments
Maybe all advanced civilizations are clustered around a certain time. It's less relevant how old the Earth than how old galactic civilization is.
This signal could have been repeating every 100 years for billions of years, for all we know.
…Bitcoin?
I would imagine that a planetary system as a whole has a 'climate' driven by it's host star, and redirecting large amounts of that energy would have unpredictable consequences. While most of the suns energy does leak off into interstellar space, before it reaches that point it interacts with various bodies big and small, solid and gaseous, it generates magnetic fields and powers phenomena we may not be aware of.
Perhaps the choice of creating a Dyson swarm IS the great filter, and any civilization that has achieved it finds itself in a state of 'solar climate crisis'.
I’m not really familiar with astronomy but I did follow the story around Tabby’s Star, which dimmed over a very short period. People threw around the idea of a Dyson swarm, but, I believe the most likely source of the dimming is believed to be a passing dust cloud.
We've got no concept of power requirements or generating capacity for even our own species given a few thousand years. No need to be projecting our own technology onto another potentially intelligent civilization.
~5% of the universe is made up of the stuff you and I are. Most of that is hydrogen and helium, cooking in stars.
~20% of the universe is dark matter. We know very little about it except that it falls down.
~75% of the universe is 'dark energy'. I use quotes because we know almost nothing about it except that it seems to fall up (!?).
Give us another 500 years and who knows what the %s will look like. We could be missing dozens of whole categories still.
So when talking about aliens and hyper civilizations, I'm on the side that we know too little to even properly speculate. Like goldfish stuck in a pond.
That said, yeah, it's suuuuper fun to speculate about this stuff. I enjoy it a lot too.
> In fact, if we analyse the history of (the few) radio signals that humanity have sent to several targets in the hope of contacting a civilization, none of those transmissions had a long duration or were repeatedly sent for a long time. [...] An extraterrestrial civilization could have opted to behave in a similar manner.
The actual title is "An approximation to determine the source of the WOW! Signal"
It does not say that a sun like star was found in a region of the sky with the "most" radio signals.
You can find sun like stars anywhere. It's an analysis of whether there are sun like stars in a region of the sky where the "wow!" signal was detected. That signal was extremely powerful, but has never been detected again.
picture of it from PanSTARRS/ DR1--
> In this article an attempt is made to create a list of the possible sources of the signal assuming that, if it was produced by an extraterrestrial civilization, their exoplanet could be similar to Earth.
Citation needed. Quite simply there is no reason given, or obvious, that the exoplanet should be similar to Earth. (Though many Star Trek alien worlds look a lot like California.)
How would you feel if 6EQUJ5 happened to be the passphrase for the day that the operator used tty into the telescope's systems?
I guess if anything, it increases the chances that there is some memory leak or buffer overflow somewhere.
The ghosts of a distant civilization may still hold clues and even the knowledge that 1800 years ago we were potentially not alone is still an existential epiphany we are all hoping for.
After 72 generations on a ship, it’s possible the occupants won’t even know they are on a ship (fictionalized by Brian Aldiss in the excellent book “Non-Stop”).
And if they know they’re on a ship, why would they leave? After all, it is home and will have been for ages.
I never understood the whole colonization for sake of colonization. In past it was either glory or better living conditions. And you will have much better living conditions if you don't send it to empty space on unknown risky voyage...
For example Simbad:
https://astroquery.readthedocs.io/en/latest/simbad/simbad.ht...
Stars and various other objects get string ids like "HIP19550"
https://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?protocol=html&Iden...
Then there are a bunch of different coordinate systems, you usually want to be doing lookups like "I have this particular telescope at this particular location and orientation, how should I configure it to point at this celestial object" and there is typically some astropy library function that will figure that stuff out for you.
In practice the stuff outside our solar system doesn't change its apparent motion much from our point of view. The further away an object, the less its apparent location changes. So these databases get updated every once in a while.
I like the idea of gathering more data on UFO sightings as there have been very credible reports shared by the military lately, but what other sensors do you think would be practical to deploy? They may happen a lot overall, but you can't predict where to place sensors. We see them now because someone happens to have a camera pointed in the right direction, or because they show up on some broad-area radar. What else could be deployed in a practical way to gather meaningful data?