When a user logs in, a check is done: "Does this user's DB file have the latest migration?" If not, the migrations are applied. That way, you only get a slight delay as a user when a migration is needed. None of the other users their DB files are affected. More technical details are in the FAQ: https://withoutdistractions.com/cv/faq
In terms of the article: I'm only changing 1 tire at a time at 100mph, not all of them.
PS: I recently did a "Show HN" about the app, it got some interesting feedback: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=31246696