Picasso: Lightweight Device Class Fingerprinting Web Clients – Google Research

I did a demo a few years ago based on their paper: https://antoinevastel.com/browser%20fingerprinting/2019/03/2...

This is used by companies like Cloudflare, Discord. Facebook also has their own picasso like canvas fingerprinting (at least the last time I checked)

Note, this seems to be different from TLS fingerprinting (which Google also does)

(2016)