- Programming based on fragments, not documents (e.g. LEO https://leoeditor.com/)
- Live programming (e.g. smalltalk environments)
- ... where certain actions are not available, e.g. a PL geared towards speech recognition may not support "hover"
But on the other hand, these are not well-aligned with current text editors (text based, has a cursor, organize info as documents etc.)
So languages are one side, editors are the other.
Innovation could just happen at a higher level.
That, or retro-backing into the protocol novel features required by those experimental languages.
In my experience, industry-wide ossification and chilling effects appear not because the environment makes it difficult to build new designs, but because it makes it difficult to think outside the current paradigm and imagine novel features.
Once those innovative ideas are out of the box and many people understand their need, the frameworks needed to support them are created. I know because right now we're experiencing such a paradigm shift in terms of note-taking and knowledge building (abandoning WYSIWYG word processors in favor of networked-thinking bidirectional-linked graphs of notes), which IMHO sooner or later will extend to programming tools as well.
What paradigm shift? Can't say I've experienced it.
Sure, people use OneNote and such as a secondary thing, but outside of some startups, they're not the central thing. And startups are early adopters, very fickle.
But that's not their purpose; their primary role is as personal databases, where you can dump any factoid, TODO or interesting article that you know you'll want to process later, freeing your short-term memory and your mental burden. Having all your notes in a single searchable knowledge base allows it to grow organically and find patterns, so that you can do incremental iterative refinement of your intellectual activities.
Creatives using them are saying that it's way easier to compile ideas for writing and publishing articles or blogs entries when they are compiled and processed with these tools.