What about bcrypt?
bcrypt is a password hash. It's optimized to defend against brute-force attacks on a short secret string -- which means it's slow (tens to hundreds of milliseconds), and it doesn't support inputs longer than 72 bytes at all.
SHA256 and the BLAKE family are designed for hashing larger bodies of data. They're fast (~5 CPU cycles per byte) and can handle an arbitrarily long input.
general hashes are to be used in other crypto constructions. Or, if you really need just a quick hash (but really think if you really need it.)
Password hashes are for passwords.