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> ... it works the same way and largely generates the same machine code

How can they make this determination? Do they just eyeball a few sections of the machine code from each output? Is there some tool that can compare binaries? Is this just a very literal, function by function, translation from C to Rust?

I don't know much reading/comparing machine code.

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They mean the output of JIT compiler, not the binary itself.

I'm not familiar with what YJIT generates, however, in general terms, if the ASM code for a given bytecode is small enough (Which I think it is), one can just compare them side by side, or just log them and compare them separately. I think a JIT for Ruby should compile relatively small chunks of ASM, not big walls of code (but again, this is my guess).

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