Penmanship
jaredgorski.org
jaredgorski.org
Draw two horizontal lines about half an inch apart and in the space between them doodle one of:
+ continuous clockwise stream of overlapping circles (imagine you flattened a slinky)
+ continuous counterclockwise version of the above
+ continuous line mountains/valleys (draw an N that becomes an M that keeps going and has tons of peaks)
Repeat.
The first time trying it, most people will find it freakishly difficult to do smoothly and consistently. That's because your fine-motor eye/hand control circuits aren't tuned for these motions which are are the basis functions for all western language penmanship. If you start doodling these figures when you're bored on zoom, your penmanship will magically improve, not because you learned penmanship but because you enabled your fingers to do what your brain is telling them to do.
This will also help you have better penmanship on a whiteboard, but in-office whiteboard writing involves more large muscles as well, so it doesn't hurt to also doodle on a whiteboard this way once you have the fine-motor controls tuned up (the fine-motor remains the most important, even on a whiteboard, so starting with pen and paper doodling will get you where you want to go fastest for either format).
Edit: come to think about it, it's probably a universal, since you see angling in Arabic and Chinese scripts' calligraphic styles as well.
It's due to the way penmanship was written. Consider the arm position [0] of proper penmanship. The page is at an angle to the left, such that it is similar to the angle of your forearm on the page. Pivoting at the elbow allows you to swing your arm from the left side of the page to the right. The forward slant allows you to always be moving "forwards" as you write across the page.
I hope that was clear. Please feel free to ask clarifying questions if not.
[0] https://archive.org/details/armmovementmetho00zane/page/12/m...
As you might be aware, arm position and use in serious calligraphy is a far more thoughtfully and intentionally designed process than I ever would have imagined. A major component of Spencerian technique involves resting the right forearm on the left palm (I think I have that right, I'm not actually one who does Spencerian writing) in order to use the flesh of the forearm as a linear bearing driven by the shoulder muscles and constrained by the left palm as a means of achieving a more repeatable and predictable translation motion than can be achieved with simple proprioception based motor control.
> If you start doodling these figures when you're bored on zoom, your penmanship will magically improve
I find this sentiment common, particularly amongst people who learned penmanship "recently". It is incorrect.
A brief interlude--When I was in middle school I resisted learning cursive. My teachers would tell me that drawing little circles and lines would make my penmanship better. I asked why, but they didn't know. Their teachers told them it was true, so now they're telling me it's true.
Push pulls and oval drills will only improve your penmanship if:
1. You practice them "correctly"
2. Your write in a style that is applicable to the drills you've practiced
There's no magic. They are intended to specifically train a smoothness and control in arm movement writing. Those writing with their fingers will derive little benefit. In no way am I trying to discount progress you have made personally. My contention is that any person devoting sufficient time and intentionality to their handwriting practice will see some improvement, regardless of the methodology used. The crux of the issue is how much progress can/will you make.Happy to answer any clarifying questions regarding cursive or penmanship.
Below are some of my favorite references in business penmanship.
[0] https://archive.org/details/ChampionMethodOfPracticalBusines...
[1] https://archive.org/details/armmovementmetho00zane
[2] https://archive.org/details/MillsModernBusinessPenmanship
1. More artistic, commissioned works
2. Wedding calligraphy, envelope addressing
3. Teaching
I principally taught. Was too much of a perfectionist, and would devote more time than was economically viable to commissioned works. Though my art is on a couple wine labels in Napa.Calligraphers/penman show up in surprising places. The White House employs 3 calligraphers for writing menus, invitations to formal events, etc.
The minimal set of doodles I mentioned is a simplification of the Palmer method, which can itself be thought of as a simplification of the Spencerian method. If one wants to get into penmanship seriously, there are many wonderful rabbit warrens to descend into.
If one is unable to form legible letters at all, in my experience that tends to be more of a fine motor eye-hand coordination thing than anything else, in which case almost any well-chosen set of doodle drills will help significantly.
[edit] also - welcome to HN! I just noticed the green font for your username. I suspect you'll have lots to contribute to this place.
This is an astute comparison, and I think you're completely right. One who devotes time and effort into practice (nearly any practice) of handwriting will improve.
However I would liken it more to something such as: "will Olympic weightlifting make me a better soccer player than sprinting, ball control, and team coordination drills will?". It's not a generic A or B, as we're trying to achieve an intended result.
More aptly, "given I want to achieve C, is A or B a better approach".
He's wrong that there's a standard cursive. Different countries and different centuries have used a variety of different cursives. Most Americans who were taught cursive in school learned either Zaner-Bloser or D'Nealian, which both derive from Palmer. Both of them are terrible. They have indistinct letter shapes that degrade horribly when written quickly.
Cursive Italic handwriting is much more legible, if slightly slower. There are popular systems including Getty-Dubay Italic and Barchowsky Fluent Handwriting. Both of those are fine, and should be strongly preferred to 19th-20th century cursive.
I still use traditional late 20th century American cursive (D'Nealian, I think), but all the practice with fountain pens has made my handwriting more legible than it's been in a long time.
Cursive came about because writing with quill and dip pens required you keep the nib on the paper for as long as possible, lest it dry out, or the ink drop to the page. Fountain pens aren't as bad in this regard, but still do better when the ink is flowing than just waving about in the air.
I happily take work notes all day long with fountain pens (today I have a Pilot Custom 74 inked up). I wouldn't want to give them up.
(The Vanishing Point was admittedly a little too big and heavy for comfort, but a Decimo has the same nib and mechanism in a lighter, narrower body. Looks a lot more elegant, too, with the smoother rounding of the shoulder.)
On the other end of the spectrum I have to recommend the Lamy Safari and Kaweco Sport for their utilitarian design and timeless aesthetics.
The Safari is very good as a starter (though I'm partial to the Pilot Metropolitan or TWSBI Eco for starters). I don't have experience with the Kaweco Sport, though I hear only good things.
(Russian cursive is also notoriously hard to read for non-native speakers owing to a few idiosyncrasies: some letters are entirely different written vs. in print, and the letter forms can lead to ambiguity -- certain letter combinations are effectively identical.)
A near-universal phenomenon among people I've spoken with who took Russian in college is the unconscious blending of the two letter sets. Students, myself included, would routinely find themselves using Russian letters in English script while writing without realizing it, and sometimes even reading it later without realizing the presence of Russian letters.
I knew it was happening to me, but it wasn't until I loaned my political science notes -- ostensibly in English! -- to a non-Russian-student pal that the prevalence of the swaps were really clear. "Uh, I absolutely cannot read this."
Ooops.
Anyway, it's tangential to this topic, but I thought it was interesting enough to share.
This is the first link I found with illustrations of the Russian cursive alphabet:
I wonder if the Russian cursive slips in because it has sounds that are closer.
That is a very, very weird assertion.
In any case, the letters that would get swapped in were 1-for-1 replacements for the English ones, though, so I don't think that's the factor.
A small nitpick, Zanerbloser doesn’t derive from palmer script, but they both absolutely do belong to the same family.
I also found it really interesting to discover that the prescribed 52 degree writing angle for Spencerian is almost exactly what you get matching the diagonal on an 8.5" by 11" piece of paper (I'm surprised that's not more widely known!). Thus, rather than a difficult and seemingly arbitrary requirement, it's a super easy way of attaining consistency by simply rotating the page so its diagonal goes straight away from the writer. (If you're using US Letter paper, anyway)
It’s great that you recognize this handicap as dealing with it sooner rather than later is a good; bad posture is indeed harder to correct later as we know. The first measure you can take is course correcting yourself over shorter intervals i.e.Move The Paper towards yourself with no shame, even during the length of a line, as often as need be. Even Louis Madarasz did it, so don’t hesitate. But I think your fix becomes a habit, it becomes a non-issue later.
> ... the proscribed 52 degree writing angle for Spencerian is almost exactly what you get matching the diagonal on an 8.5" by 11" piece of paper
If this is true, you just blew my mind, thanks for sharing the discovery.
arctan( 11 / 8.5 )Asking because I think I've got about as much benefit as I'm going to from having used a fountain pen exclusively for the last five or so years, so I'm looking at this point to learn a proper script. It sounds like you're considerably more familiar and may know some good places to start, and I'm hoping to get the benefit of your experience.
[0]https://archive.org/details/cu31924029485467/page/n47/mode/2...
As far as recommendation goes, I think you should see if you would be content with learning something like the afore-mentioned D'Nealian method, which involves a lot of printing and shape reproduction, and stick to it. You can get far using a fountain with this.
However if you have the desire to reach for something more, I would recommend looking into a good "Business Writing" hand. There should a introductory book on a decent business hand produced by Ziller Inks on the Apple book store. I'd get that, it was pretty affordable last time I checked.
The business hand is a beginner friendly entry into the spencerian family and let's you carry your progress into more refined spencerian hands when you are ready for them later. Download a copy of the book "C.C.Canan - Collection of Penmanship" to see the kind of spencerian hands you could aspire towards.If you chose this path, it's a long journey so it depends on your personality like most hobbies.
Penmanship is a weird hobby, it looks both simple and intimidating at the same time. If you feel like you could use some personal advice, leave a comment and I'll reach out to contact info on your profile. I'm not an expert(I've seen what experts do and boy am I not one) but generally enjoy sharing penmanship learning advice so I don't mind a consultation or two.
http://www.richimages.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/spencer...
But adapted into business script AFAIU the simplification into two heights, and the shrinking of the "p" stem, is pretty common. I'm definitely not used to making "p" taller than "q" and I am not always consistent about it.
http://www.calligraphy-union.ru/EditorFiles/image/news/66315...
This is not accurate. Zaner predates Palmer.
> Both of them are terrible. They have indistinct letter shapes that degrade horribly when written quickly.
I would more attribute this to...
1. Unskilled modern penman
2. An eye that's unaccustomed to reading old script
... rather than something intrinsic to the style. Business penmanship was, after all, created to be fast & legible. Historical pieces of penmanship are most often legible, particularly when written by skilled penmen.Source: was professional penman, specifically studying 1860-1920 American penmanship.
+ beautiful; consistent letter forms between printing and cursive
- better with chisel vs. round tips; joins are still somewhat complicated
I wouldn't make any claims that writing has somehow made me magically smarter or better at anything else, I just find it fun to do (and I believe that pleasure is vastly more important than "productivity" so that's a win for me). It seems probable that my composition skills are better (or at least different in some hard-to-define way) due to the slower speed and non-editability of handwritten text. I rarely find myself at a loss for what sentence to write next when I'm handwriting because my thoughts are already buffered up since it takes them a bit longer to get onto the page.
Another angle for me is that I recently picked up a chronic disease which has changed my energy levels a lot and many old hobbies are no longer feasible as often as they used to be. I can write even when I feel like there's a mountain of tires on fire inside my head.
I have no problem with the idea that legible is the primary criterium for handwriting. Correctness as I and my parents and grandparents learned is really just a matter of self-respect, I think. Correctness was already on the way out by the time I came along anyway. There was a uniformity to my mother's and grandmothers' handwritings that was not present among my peers and me in school.
The only experience that I have that says someone must continue to learn cursive is that there are lots of historically important (or at least interesting) documents that are difficult to read even for me, and my kids would have a harder time still. Reading is not the same as writing of course, so merely practice reading these types of things is probably enough. I guess it's similar to Fraktur, which is difficult to read if you've never seen it, but not that bad with just a little practice.
Fucking weird angle on that imo. It's a skill with broad application but low impact for most people. The actual techniques for good handwriting aren't taught in school anymore, so people will have to decide to value it, seek it out, and practice it themselves. You might think they should, but if they disagree it doesn't indicate that they lack self-respect.
An almost infinite number of skills fit into this honestly. Kitchen knife work, drawing, whistle or sing a tune, phonetic alphabet, advanced mental arithmetic, basic carpentry, sewing, plant care, orienteering, bread baking, small engine repair, knot tying, etc etc etc etc.
Anyone can learn a bunch of these to varying degrees and they'll be frequently valuable through life, and potentially contribute significantly to identity and yes self respect. Which specific ones someone ends up with is pretty much meaningless though. I mean this kindly but there's nothing special about penmanship just because you value it.
edit: Ok, so HN font as displayed does not show the bar across the 0, even though the editor does ...
0̸
(May render as 0 ̸, but should look like a single slashed zero. Wikipedia seems to think this is the way to get a slashed zero in Unicode: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slashed_zero)
If you look up examples online they seem fairly reasonable. But in actual daily handwriting they are very extreme. It looks more like a stylized capital A than a number honestly.
(And I still swear that my differential equations professor wrote problems that used mu, 'u', 'v', and nu at the same time as a prank on people with bad handwriting.)
But I digress! I did also want to state that I disagree with the author's statement "Nobody writes it anymore".
Clearly the author has not met many doctors or lawyers or spent much time in Europe.
Cursive is very much still in use by all three of the above.
Unlikely you'd get away with that in a European school, irrespective of how bad your writing is !
Here's a French newspaper article from 2012 bemoaning the fact that Calefornians are barely taught cursive. ;-) [1]
https://www.lefigaro.fr/international/2012/11/28/01003-20121...
Another tidbit someone may find interesting, going through elementary school in the early 90s I was forced to write right handed, despite being a natural lefty. This was due to the teachers religious leanings. I grew up in a major metro area as well. I can write with both hands now, but prefer right handed writing so the spirals of notebooks don't push up against my hand. Anytime I pick up a new hobby I have a weird decision to make about what hand I want to use. Still haven't figured out if I bowl left or right handed!
I also don't think we've totally moved away from wet signatures, so they do have practical use as well.
Most non-architectural hand-writers write the letter “P” with a single stroke: draw a small loop and extend the side downward to form the stem.
I've got no architectural training, but I make my p's in two strokes (and my n's, for that matter, too).
I think the author is mistaking their self for everyone.
I have rows of my bookshelf dedicated to all my journals. Written by hand. In cursive (for the most part, some technical journals I used standard print for diagrams and annotations).
I use a reMarkable2 as well for ephemeral notes, bullet journalling, and reading/sharing documents from my computer. I like being able to hand-write a note and email it as plain text to myself. Process it with a script and boom, new draft post. While I sit at my desk, no computer in sight. Bonus, character recognition of my cursive writing is pretty accurate.
Not mentioned in the convo so far is shorthand commonly used by legal secretaries and journalists. Mastering this is akin to switching from Qwerty to Colemak rather than just trying to improve your qwerty.
For anyone who's considering investing more in hand-written notes, look into various shorthand notations. I like Pitman but there are others depending on handedness, pen preferences, etc.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitman_shorthand
I'm still learning, but I now use it interspersed with my cursive script and find I can read my shorthand more easily than my cursive.
(Either way: invent your own symbols for words/phrases you write a lot. Text shorthand, foreign languages, and math symbols all find their way into my notes. U for you, y for and, o for or, ∀ for all/each, etc.)
https://web.archive.org/web/20131101115345/http://gregg.ange...
The author was born in the 90s, and was in elementary and middle school in the 2000s, when keyboarding was already seen as a primary skill. His take that "nobody writes cursive anymore" is true, given that for him, "everyone" is under the age of 30. Those of us who grew up prior to personal computers and phone touchscreens being ubiquitous can scream all we want "I learned cursive and I still write it!", but it doesn't change all that much. Some of us learned and it and can't do it any longer. Some of learned it and still do it, for whatever personal or professional reason.
Here's the hotter take:
Skills like handwriting are (hold on to your hankerchiefs graphologists!) pseudo-sciences. They are vestiges of elitist education systems, whereby a bunch of rich, but likely average-intelligence, students who paid for elite education, hired private instructors to help them become members of the "learned class". It doesn't take any special intelligence to teach or to learn, and can be used as a signal to others that you "belong" to the upper class.
Fast forward to the 90s, in rural North Carolina, to a grossly underfunded school system that can't afford specialized training for teachers or students. What do we get? Over insistence on out-dated markers of education: cursive, Cotillion, woodshop for boys and home ec for girls. What don't we get? Computer science, math beyond algebra and geometry, science beyond basic earth science, and US history that stops at WWII! 1600 students with excellent penmanship, who know how to waltz, but none of us is even aware that computers can be programmed or that people get paid money to do it.
And to the commenters claiming graphology is a thing or that it is in any way useful in sorting candidates for job opportunities (I'm looking at you France), you are just as wrong as the author who claims "I don't use cursive, so nobody uses it either".
NB: This is not an attack on the hobbyists, or on the aesthetics of cursive in general. Well-written cursive is marvelous. I just think we had too much emphasis on it it school, and likely it was due to our schools not having the wherewithall to teach us anything else of value.
The other stuff I wrote is secondary to your post, and just a hot take. Thanks for the stimulating article though!
It is useful, just not in a way that many people find acceptable. It is a marker of a particular sort of "elite" education. Your comment that this surfaces a "bunch of rich, but likely average-intelligence" people is true, but it misses the point. It's not meant to reveal intelligence, but whether a person is "one of us" — the right sort, a safe pair a hands, a sound fellow, etc. The decision-makers care much less about intelligence than whether they can be trusted to "do the right thing," which is whatever maintains elites in their position—exactly what these people have been brought up to do by their parents and educated to do by elite institutions.
There were no typewriters or computers through almost all of human history. Writing was it. This skill had, and to a large degree even today still has, enormous practical and economic value.
The utility of this ability to efficiently produce text artifacts is vastly higher when one can do so in a manner that is readily legible to others, which requires that one use an approximation of standardized, well-known glyphs. The closer you can produce them, the more differentially legible your written output is to others. It's not merely a coded signal for your elite status.
Even today when many can take notes on a keyboard, writing notes by hand has a well studied secondary practical effect of improving retention and comprehension, as well as being available any time a pencil and paper are at hand. These still work when dropped, when they get wet, when the power is out, or when you forgot to charge them.
I learned math and programming but I wish I'd also taken wood shop (and metal shop, and other practical courses.)
Making actual stuff with your hands and using physical tools is immensely satisfying and empowering. I really crave it after spending all of my time staring at a screen and typing on a keyboard.
Other practical skills like personal finance, home improvement and maintenance, and cooking can pay dividends for the rest of your life.
I wish I'd had more time for many courses (also including music, art, drama, etc.) that weren't part of the "college prep" track.
Cooking as well. I worked in kitchens for 7 years during and after college, and wouldn't trade that knowledge for the world.
I only mentioned woodworking and home ec since they were gender-assigned by the school, not because they were less useful.
I've always had shitty handwriting, and when I was in first grade, my teacher told my mom, "Don't worry about it; when he grows up, he'll probably be typing everything anyway." Turns out that was far more accurate and generalizable than we knew.
The other reason was the far-longer string of "you had better shape up now because if you don't get your act together, you'll never pass next year" and then continually passing next year with flying colors.
I have ditched cursive for block printing, but it is an annoyance because I'm much slower that way. Even though I sit at a keyboard ten hours a day, better handwriting ability would be a noticeable asset for me. Still, I can't blame the teachers who taught me in elementary school, because none of them could make the individual choice to teach me a different cursive system, just like I can't make the individual choice to start writing code in a different language at my company.
"The traditional function of a signature is to permanently affix to a document a person's uniquely personal, undeniable self-identification as physical evidence of that person's personal witness and certification of the content of all, or a specified part, of the document."[0]
My third grade teacher told my mom not to worry about my (awful) handwriting, "he'll have a secretary." Which probably makes me a bit older than you. I retroactively blame my 1st grade teacher who forbid me from writing my name in cursive; it was a 1/2/3 combo class, and she said she had a hard time figuring out if work was mine or the other person with my first name who was in second or third grade and expected to write in cursive. It might have been better for me to just write my last initial or full last name. Oh well.
Hell, nobody even cares what it says, so my "signature" is just a scribble that is somewhat consistent.
TL;DR: I am 38 and completely sympathize with your nephew. I can't sign my name either.
I've been after a book called "Flip The Script" for ~10 years, but being out of print the prices are crazy. It's recently been reprinted, arrived today, and it's absolutely wonderful - https://www.handselecta.com/handselecta-flipthescript
As it says on the back "Graffiti is one of the last strongholds of highly refined penmanship." Anyway, beautiful book, highly recommended.
Am I the only one who draws the downstroke first, then back up and draw the loop (without raising the pen)?
I still write all my notes in cursive with a fountain pen. According to graphology, handwriting is brain-writing and improves as you write more.
What about those of us who draw the stem first, and then the loop ?
That said, I do write by hand (with a fountain pen! it's more fun, and slows me down a little which improves legibility) every day. I plan my day and take notes longhand, and often journal in the evening. I've done this all my working life, because writing seems to connect to my brain in a way that just typing doesn't, and I've increased in the pandemic because the more years I spend at the keyboard (I'm 52) the worse my handwriting seems to get. Doing it more seems like a good way to try and reverse that trend.
The gothic font (along the lines what you get image searching "fraktur" or "gothic font") is good for some cards or signs or something, it's a bit slow to write, but because of the corners being so discontinuous it has a very distinct look to it. It doesn't really need a calligraphy pen either.
But I always remember, I moved back to the UK when I was 8, my literacy skills were far higher than my peers in my new primary school. My new teacher did not like my writing, said it was too small, took away my pen and told me start writing with a pencil.
I was pretty good at cursive (so I thought), I still use it on the rare times I write but sometimes feel I need to print letters in case someone has to actually try and read it, so I pretty much just use cursive for my own notes, and it is messy as hell now. I forgot how to do all the nice capital letters they had too.
https://bigthink.com/the-present/handwriting-memory/
I wonder if there is a way to produce a “keyboard” with the same effect on the mind?
Whatever i had before was essentially illegible. I think the act of learning something by choice, as opposed to having it forced on me through public school, allowed me to embrace that artistic aspect of it and see handwriting as something other than purely utilitarian.
This is a rediculous inference - I don't do it, therefore nobody does it and it's obsolete.
I for one, write in cursive every day, taking notes in a notebook/journal, and carry a fountain pen to do so. It's just such a nicer experience than writing in biro, which I refuse to do except when it's utterly unavoidable. I can appreciate I might be an outlier, but handwriting in fountain pen is a superior experience to even using an iPad, and this way I don't have to "print" my notes, they already exist in hard copy, and are resistant to bit-rot (save a deluge). I think writing by hand also engages a different part of me to the one that is engaged by typing on a computer. I'd recommend it to anyone.
Practicing speed-writing unlocks fast handwriting....
I wonder how long it takes to learn and be productive with one of the systems.
Where I come from, writing cursive is taught in the first few grades.