- If something has momentum, it has mass.
- If something isn't leaving an engine now, it's condensing.
- Electromagnetic fields can recruit and organize a conductors' permissively and permeability. Hall Thrusters use electromagnetic confinement.
- If there is a delay in exhaust, there is condensation. If there is condensation without a holding tank then there is a pulse holding the condensation.
- Pulse waves require detonating fuel at the right time to feed the pulse and never feed the lull. Also, detonating is... different. Careful control of timing is needed to maintain a pulse. Finer detection is needed for tuning the pulse. It will take work to understand where this tiny detonating mass has friction in its electromagnetic confinement.
- Hall Thrusters once understand more can possible be tuned to run with, dipole, quadrupole... tuned pulse waves.
A Hall Thruster is a "smaller" version of this https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ws4kbgfpKCw however, the fluid dynamics of the Hall Thruster have interactions at the Quanta maybe so those will be that hardest to detect and analyze. But, once recorded and analyzed the knowledge should help fine tune these engines.
Let me link this again because it is just a great presentation on the fluid dynamics behind these effects https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ws4kbgfpKCw