If you expect a certain price in the future, then you should want to buy/sell toward a similar price (minus interest) in the present, shouldn't you?
> where GS is acting on behalf of the company and its existing shareholders.
That explains wanting some premium. It doesn't explain the difference between 30 and >54.
Well, that's the obvious reason it wasn't a typo.
But they're trying to measure roughly the same number. It's the opposite of obvious that two competent groups would have such wildly different results.
No. There is a control/takeover/acquisition premium [1]. Owning a whole company is more valuable than owning part of one since you can control it without consideration for minority interests.
[1] https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/acquisitionpremium.asp