So, I wouldn't argue that no one would benefit from a pill, or that there aren't situations and/or people who need a change of perspective, or an alleviation of pain so they can survive long enough to get through the storm.
It's not so much that I think drugs are bad for treatment of psychological problems; it's that I think that of your issues (3) is radically neglected in contemporary psychiatry.
"Treatment resistant depression" as an idea in studies such as this is sort of telling in that it assumes the problem is the pain, rather than whatever potential external problems someone is dealing with.
A good analogy to me would be someone who keeps coming into the ER with bullets in their body every couple of months (maybe in a conflict zone like Ukraine), but where the case is construed in terms of the pain the bullet causes, rather than the fact there are bullets in their body and the person is in a situation where they keep getting shot at. I don't want to oversimplify things, as the environment and situation is generally attended to, but the paradigm as a field is to treat the disease as the pain the patient is suffering ("depression" as a disease), rather than the scenario as a whole, and to act as if the pain is an attribute of the patient rather than as part of an appropriate response to a problematic situation.
So yes, depression as a phenomenon is a complex mixture of things, but I think in general, at least in the US, it tends to be seen as a disease that's a biological property of the person. There are historical reasons for this, some good and some bad, but I think it's had unintended consequences as a result.